Lapilli
magma
A volcano is the opening called in the earths crust called through which lava gases and other pieces of rock erupt.
Tiny pieces of blood cells inside membranes are called microparticles or microvesicles. These structures are released from cells and can carry various biomolecules, serving as important mediators of intercellular communication and signaling.
wrist watches
Those are called, "Platelets".
These pieces are called volcanic projectiles or volcanic bombs. They are formed when lava is ejected into the air during an eruption and cools and solidifies as it travels through the atmosphere.
Mosaic
The name is soot.
Tiny pieces of rock are called 'grains' or 'particles'. These small fragments of rock can vary in size from sand grains to silt or clay particles.
These sorts of ejecta are sometimes called 'bombs'.
The tiny pieces formed from the weathering of rocks are called sediment or sedimentary particles. These particles can vary in size, from fine clay and silt to coarser sand and gravel, depending on the type of rock and the weathering process.
There are several reasons for black sand on beaches. One cause is lava from volcanos. If cold ocean water hits a hot lava flow, it can break the lava into tiny metallic pieces which end up on beaches.