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All of a koala's features are important, but there are some more crucial to its survival than others.
They live in eucalyptus trees and eat only a few types of gum leaves from which they get all nutrients and water requirements. Eucalyptus leaves are tough, toxic and low in nutrition, but the koala has developed a stomach which can remove the toxins from where they are filtered out by the liver, whilst maximising the amount of energy the animal derives from the leaves. The caecum, similar to the human appendix except that it is 2 metres in length, then changes the eucalyptus leaves into digestible nutrients.
Koalas have very strong claws suitable for gripping trees and climbing. Between their first and second "fingers" is a large gap, which enables them to also grip tree branches comfortably, whilst their hind legs have one toe set at a wide angle. They also have toes with thick pads which enable them to sit comfortably in a tree all day. Koalas are one of the few species of mammals which has unique fingerprints, not unlike those of humans.
As with all marsupials, the koala has a pouch, where the joey stays after birth for up to ten months. When the joey leaves the pouch, it stays for several more months on the back of their mother. The pouch opens backwards. After about 30 weeks, the mother produces a substance called pap. This substance is actually a specialised form of the mother's droppings which, having passed through her digestive system, give the joey the enzymes it needs to be able to start digesting the tough gum leaves, making an easier transition for the baby koala to start eating eucalyptus leaves.
Koalas drink water only rarely. They are able to obtain most of their moisture needs from the eucalyptus leaves they eat. They will, however, resort to drinking water during prolonged drought and in heatwaves.
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