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Commodities are never traded in stock markets, but rather in commodities markets.

A commodity is a physical good that's traded on price. For instance, light sweet crude oil (the kind motor fuels are made from) is a commodity. You can buy it in one of three ways: on the spot market, and get immediate delivery; as a future, where your oil will be delivered on a certain date; and as an option, where you can buy it for the price on the contract if you want to. Spot pricing is highest, then comes options and finally futures.

The reason for options and futures is to be able to adjust for demand downstream. If you are an oil company, you know you're going to need some oil to make gasoline out of. You know that in March, you usually sell 19.5 million gallons of gasoline a day and that there are 19.5 gallons of gasoline in a barrel of crude oil. So in March you need at least a million barrels of oil every day, and you buy futures for a million barrels of oil. Someone looked at the calendar and saw Easter's in March this year, so you'll need some more gas. How much more? Buy 10,000-barrel options; if you need the oil, get it. You might also want to buy some Unleaded Gasoline options in case you sell so much gas in March you can't make enough to meet demand. The worst case is to have to buy oil on the spot market because it's really expensive, so you use options and futures to keep from having to do it.

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16y ago

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