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The bilayer is made up of lipid molecules, in which polar ends are facing outwards (towards cytoplasm in the bottom layer and extracellular environment in the upper layer) and non polar sides are facing each other (hydrophobic interaction). Intrinsic and extrinsic proteins are embedded or attached respectively.

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The lipid membrane can be compared to a flexible plastic bag with tiny holes. Phospholipids and proteins make up the composition of the bag. Most of the bag (plasma membrane) is phospholipids. Proteins surround the holes and help by moving molecules in and out. The organization is called the fluid mosaic model.

The phospholipids have a head with tails. The heads like water (hydrophilic) and the tails do not (hydrophobic). Because of this, the heads face outward toward the watery inside and outside of the cell. The tails are inward. This forms a two layered membrane called the lipid bilayer.

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Q: What are components of the phospholipid bilayer and how are they organized to form the plasma membrane?
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What is the basic structure of the plasma membrane?

The framework of the cell membrane is formed by the lipid bilayer. The lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of fat cells organized in two sheets. This is what provides the barrier that makes the boundaries of the cell.


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