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I think is disorder of motility of gallbadder and biliary duct
Kelton Bahringer
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∙ 13y agoDyskinesias appear as writhing, shaking, or twitching movements that may involve a small or large part of the body.
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Dyskinesias typically improves by what percentage post-pallidotomy?
Dyskinesias typically improve by 75% or more.
How are tics distinguished from other dyskinesias?
One of the major clinical signs that help distinguish tics from other dyskinesias is the presence of involuntary ocular (eye) movement in persons affected with tics.
How effective is pallidotomy in helping tremors?
Studies show the surgery generally improves tremor, rigidity, and slowed movements by 25-60%. Dyskinesias typically improve by 75% or more.
What are the side effects of dopamine agonists?
Side effects of DAs are similar to those of levodopa, including drowsiness and confusion. DAs may cause dyskinesias in at least 50% of patients.
What are the downsides of using the drug levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease?
Unfortunately, levodopa becomes less effective over time, and also produces unwanted and uncontrolled movements called dyskinesias.
What drug treatment complications are common in PD patients?
Including rapid wearing off of drug effect, unpredictable "off states" (times of low levodopa levels in the blood), and disabling dyskinesias.
What is the mode of action for amantidine in treating parkinson's disease?
Amantidine is a dopamine facilitator and it acts by increasing dopamine release in basal ganglia.
What to sperm consist of?
The spermatozoon is a remarkably complex metabolic, locomotive and genetic machine. It is approximately 60 microns in length and is divided into 3 sections: head, neck and tail. The oval sperm head consists of a nucleus containing the highly compacted DNA, and an acrosome that contains the enzymes required for penetration of the egg shell for fertilization. The neck maintains the connection between the sperm head and tail and consists of the connecting piece and proximal centriole. The tail harbors the midpiece, principle piece and endpiece. The tail midpiece contains the axoneme or engine of the sperm and the mitochondrial sheath, the source of energy for movement. Physiologically, the sperm axoneme is the true motor assembly and requires 200-300 proteins to function. Among these, the microtubules are the best-understood components. Sperm microtubules are arranged in the classic "9+2" pattern of 9 outer doublets encircling an inner central doublet. Defects in the sperm axoneme are well-recognized causes of ciliary dyskinesias that are routinely associated with infertility.
Parkinsonism levodopa carbidopa?
nausea and vomiting low blood pressure, particularly when standing up, resulting in dizziness and fainting dyskinesias (abnormal movements including twisting and tics) in at least 50% of patients agitation hallucinations
Your 38 year old son takes Prozac and risperdal and recently you have noticed he curls his 345 fingers towards his palm Does this combination of drugs dause this to happen?
Risperidone (Risperdal) is an antipsychotic medication, and as such, there are are many side effects including those that effect motor contol."People taking antipsychotic drugs are at risk of developing certain side effects known as extrapyramidal symptoms. These symptoms can include things such as repetitive, involuntary muscle movements (such as lip smacking) or an undeniable urge to be moving constantly. Fortunately, there is help for these symptoms. Let your healthcare provider know right away if you develop any of these symptoms while taking an antipsychotic medication."Extrapyramidal symptoms are usually divided into different categories. Dyskinesias are movement disorders, while dystonias are muscle tension disorders. "Tardive" symptoms are those that appear during long-term treatment (often after several years). Unlike earlier symptoms, tardive symptoms are more likely to be permanent even after the medication is stopped.It is important for your son to make his doctor aware of any side effect he may experience as soon as possible. His doctor can determine if the symptom is medication related or if there is an underlying problem occurring His doctor can then weigh the risks vs. benefits of your son continuing his current medication regime. Good luck to you both. Anne (RN)
Can you take Adderall instead of risperdal?
Yes. Using a stimulant--Adderall, Ritalin (methylphenidate), Concerta (extended release methylphenidate, and others--along with the atypical antipsychotics (such as Risperdal, Seroquel, Zyprexa, Ability) is often done, usually if aggression is present with the ADHD or if mood symptoms, such as bipolar symptoms are present. There can be side effects associated with this combination; this usually occurs when one or the other is removed or started. (in the realm of motor movements--known as dyskinesias). Folks on a stable combination don't usually have this problem. This problem particular problem goes away once doses are adjusted. Most folks don't experience this particular side effect.
Can marijuana help Parkinson's disease?
YES,Nearly half of Parkinson's disease patients whohave tried marijuana say the drug helped relieve their symptoms, accordingto a survey of patients with the degenerative neurological disorder.Dr. Evzin Ruzicka, an attending neurologist at Charles University in Praguein the Czech Republic, reported the findings here at the Movement DisordersSociety's Seventh International Congress of Parkinson's Disease andMovement Disorders. Ruzicka is also a consultant at the Prague MovementDisorders Center."It's difficult to directly study the medical effects of cannabis in theCzech Republic, where we conducted our research, because of its illegalstatus," Ruzicka told Reuters Health. "Therefore, we had to conductanonymous surveys. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess theeffect of cannabis on Parkinson's disease, and our findings suggest it mayalleviate some symptoms."Ruzicka and his colleagues chose to investigate marijuana's effects onParkinson's disease after hearing from several patients that they had triedthe drug and it had helped them.The investigators asked all patients who were treated for Parkinson'sdisease at their center to complete a questionnaire that asked aboutcannabis use and about several Parkinson's disease symptoms, includingoverall symptoms; tremor while at rest; bradykinesia, or slow movement;muscle rigidity; and dyskinesias, or involuntary movements. Dyskinesias arecaused by levodopa, the mainstay medication in Parkinson's treatment.Among the 630 patients to whom the investigators sent questionnaires, 339(54%) returned them. The responders' average age was about 66, and they hadhad Parkinson's disease for an average of roughly 9 years. Among theresponders, 25% reported that they had used cannabis. Most had used itorally, either as fresh or dried leaves.Within this group, 39 patients (46%) reported that their Parkinson'sdisease symptoms in general were relieved after they started usingcannabis. In terms of specific symptoms, 26 (31%) reported an improvementin tremor while at rest, and 38 (45%) experienced a relief of bradykinesia.Relief of muscle rigidity was reported by 32 (38%), and 12 (14%) said theyhad an improvement in levodopa-induced dyskinesias.The respondents reported that the improvement in symptoms occurred anaverage of 1.7 months after they had started using cannabis. Patients whoused it for at least three months were more likely to experience symptomrelief than those with shorter experience, the investigators reported.This delay between the beginning of cannabis use and the relief of symptomsmade it unlikely that the respondents were having a placebo effect, Ruzickasaid. A placebo effect can occur when the individual taking a treatmentexperiences a benefit even if the "treatment," such as a sugar pill,contains no active ingredients.They found no relationship between the length of cannabis use and theeffect on involuntary movements. However, daily marijuana users reportedmore improvement in their dyskinesias than those using it less often.The investigators speculated that the effect of cannabis on Parkinson'sdisease symptoms may be due to interaction among cannabis, certain brainreceptors that respond to cannabis and endogenous cannabinoids orcannabis-like substances within the body.He and colleagues plan to investigate a relationship between cannabis useand relief of Parkinson's disease symptoms by collaborating in furtherstudies with investigators in the United Kingdom, Ruzicka told Reuters Health.Scientists hope to use a marijuana-like chemical in the brain to treat Parkinson's Disease and schizophrenia. The chemical, known as anandamide, helps to regulate body movement and coordination. A team from the University of California Irvine believes it can be used to treat diseases which produce uncontrollable movements such as tics and shaking. The researchers have used anandamide to limit brain activity in rats. Writing in the journal Nature Neuroscience, they said anandamide interferes with the effects of nerve cells that transmit dopamine, the message-carrying chemical responsible for stimulating movement and other motor behaviour in the brain. Uncontrolled production of dopamine has been blamed for some of the symptoms of schizophrenia and the nervous tics and outbursts associated with Tourette's syndrome. A lack of dopamine is blamed for the shaking and motor hesitation that marks Parkinson's disease. Major breakthroughThe actor Michael J Fox has Parkinson's DiseaseDaniele Piomelli, an associate professor of pharmacology at UCI, said the research had shown for the first time how anandamides work in the brain to produce normal motor activity. He said: "Patients with schizophrenia and other diseases have reported that marijuana appears to relieve some of their symptoms, but scientists have never found a physiological reason why. "By understanding how the anandamide system works similarly to marijuana, we can explore new ways to treat these diseases more effectively." But Professor Piomelli said cannabis itself did not offer any kind of cure. "Marijuana doesn't provide the regulatory effects on dopamine in the brain that we're looking for," he said. Anandamide, named after the Sanskrit word for "bliss and tranquillity," is used by a network of nerve cells in an area of the brain called the striatum, which coordinates body movements and other motor behaviour, the researchers said. Normally nerve cells regulate this behaviour by releasing anandamides at the same time they release dopamine. The anandamides bind to cannabinoid receptors, which are where tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, docks onto cells. When the team blocked these receptors, rats experienced severe nervous tics and other uncontrolled motor activity. Professor Piomelli said new drugs that mimic the effects of anandamides could offer gentler treatments for some diseases. He said: "Current drugs certainly halt the actions of dopamine, but the side effects, including sedation and dizziness, are very severe," he said. In a commentary, Professor David Self of Yale University said the approach could be used to develop drugs that help Parkinson's treatments, which try to boost production of dopamine in the brain but whose effects wear off after a few years. Drugs that stimulate the cannabinoid receptor might also be used against Huntington's disease, a fatal and incurable disease first marked by jerks and spasms, Professor Self added.
