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The generic term for columns in a Periodic Table is "groups". Many of the groups have specific names, but you'd have to be more descriptive than "tall" for me to be more specific.

The two tallest columns on most tables are the ones the alkali metals are in and the one the noble gases are in. Hydrogen is at the top of the alkali metal group, though hydrogen itself is not considered an alkali metal. Helium is at the top of the noble gas group, and helium IS a noble gas.

More notes: The column next to the alkali metals with beryllium at the top is the alkaline earth group. The column next to the noble gases starting with fluorine is called the halogens. The column starting with oxygen is the chalcogens, though that term is not nearly as widely used or recognized as the other groups that have been mentioned already. The names for the other groups are so obscure, even among chemists, that you're better off just calling them the element-at-the-top group (for example, "nitrogen group") unless you're deliberately trying to confuse people.

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