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Vladimir Ivanovich Vedeneev has written: 'Bond energies, ionization potentials and electron affinities' -- subject(s): Ionization, Chemical bonds, Chemical affinity 'Bond energies, ionization potenitals, and electron affinities' -- subject(s): Ionization, Chemical bonds, Chemical affinity
Ionization potential is the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gaseous state. The units may be eV(electron volts) or kJ/mol. These are readily interconverted. Usually the ionization potentials for successive electrons are quoted as the first ionization potential, second ionization potential etc.
A low ionization potential refers to the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Atoms with low ionization potentials tend to lose electrons easily and are more likely to form positive ions. This property is important in determining reactivity and chemical behavior.
Yes, electron excitation in a semiconductor nanoparticle can occur without light or thermal energy through mechanisms like electrical injection, impact ionization, or tunneling. These processes can lead to electron promotion across energy levels within the nanoparticle, resulting in excitation.
Graded potentials do not have a refractory period. Unlike action potentials, which are characterized by a refractory period that prevents immediate re-excitation of the neuron, graded potentials are local changes in membrane potential that can vary in amplitude and do not have a fixed threshold. They can summate and decrease in strength over distance, allowing for continuous signaling without the constraints of a refractory period.
It can be used for element identification and can used in Atomic spectroscopy and can be used to help "atoms with low ionization potentials become ionized."
Yes, an atom can have more than one ionization potential, which refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Each successive ionization potential corresponds to the removal of an additional electron, and as electrons are removed, the remaining electrons experience a stronger effective nuclear charge, making it increasingly difficult to remove further electrons. Consequently, ionization potentials generally increase with each successive ionization.
Peter F. Baker has written: 'Calcium movement in excitable cells' -- subject(s): Action potentials (Electrophysiology), Biological transport, Calcium in the body, Excitation (Physiology)
The electron affinity of lead is 35.1 kJ mol-1. The first ionization potential is 7.4167 eV, the second 15.028 eV, and the third 31.943 eV.
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Excitation frequency can be calculated as the reciprocal of the excitation period, which is the time interval between two consecutive excitations. The formula is: Excitation frequency = 1 / Excitation period. Alternatively, if you know the excitation waveform (e.g., sine wave), you can determine the excitation frequency from the period of that waveform.
When radiation is absorbed by a material, it transfers energy to the material, which can lead to the excitation or ionization of atoms or molecules. This can result in chemical changes, heating of the material, or damage to cells, depending on the type and dose of radiation.