These are glaciers.
Subsidence.
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These streams are called Currents. An example would be The Gulf Stream.
Runoff is the water flowing downhill across the surface of the Earth.
Molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface is called lava.
Regions of the Earth's surface with abundant limestone exposed are typically known as limestone terrains or limestone landscapes. These regions often feature distinctive topography due to the erosion of the soluble limestone rock by water, forming features such as caves, sinkholes, and limestone pavements.
Hot, slowly flowing rock comprises the asthenosphere, which is part of the mantle.
uplift
The bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface are called jet streams. These fast-flowing air currents are typically located in the upper troposphere and are important for the movement of weather systems.
The rising regions in the Earth's crust are commonly referred to as "uplifts" or "mountain ranges." These areas are typically formed by tectonic forces, such as the collision of tectonic plates, which can cause the crust to buckle and rise. Examples include the Himalayas and the Rockies. Additionally, regions experiencing volcanic activity may also exhibit rising features due to magma pushing up from below the crust.
tectonic plates
tectonic plates