a diverse group of congenital brain abnormalities that arise specifically from defective formation of the central nervous system .
Due to the congenital nature of neuronal migration disorders, most patients do not recover from their symptoms. The course of disease tends to be static.
The most well characterized genes include DCX on the X chromosome, responsible for double cortex syndrome, and LIS1 on chromosome 17, the first gene identified for lissencephaly.
Diagnosis is usually made by neuroimaging. CT scan or MRI of the brain will show the characteristic abnormality. MRI has better resolution and may detect polymicrogyria or small heterotopias more easily than CT.
The royal family's lineage can be traced back for generations.
In lissencephaly or agyria, neuronal migration fails globally, causing the brain to appear completely smooth and have abnormal layering in the cortex.
Lissencephaly is part of a spectrum of brain malformations, which are referred to as the agyriapachygyria-band spectrum and are caused by abnormalities in neuronal migration, a critical process in brain development
Neuronal cell body
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Neuronal dropout refers to the loss of neurons in the brain due to various factors such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, or injury. This can lead to cognitive decline and impaired brain function. Strategies to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis can help mitigate neuronal dropout.
Synapses. Net flow of charged ions ("impulses") in neuronal cells trigger additional ion flow (ionotropic signaling) or neurotransmitter release (metabotropic signaling) to both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types ("the body") at junctions called synapses.