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What physical shape does a modified radical mastectomy leave a woman in?
A modified radical mastectomy leaves a woman with a more normal chest shape than the older radical mastectomy procedure, and a scar that is not visible in most clothing.
What are the normal results of a mastoidectomy?
The outcome of a mastoidectomy is a clean, healthy ear without infection. However, both a modified radical and a radical mastoidectomy usually result in less than normal hearing.
Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy in which lymph nodes have been removed?
Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.
Mastectomy - series?
Normal anatomyBreast cancer begins in the breast and spreads first to the lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla). When a breast lump is found to contain cancer, and if the cancer has not spread beyond the nodes of the axilla to distant sites, it is often removed surgically. Radiation therapy may be used in addition to surgery. In certain cases of malignant lumps, lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy is as effective as a radical mastectomy. Typically, lumpectomy does not require a breast replacement (prosthesis).Procedure 1In many cases of breast cancer, removal of the entire breast is unnecessary. A procedure such as a segmental mastectomy can be performed. In segmental mastectomy, the cancer and a larger area of normal breast tissue around it are removed. Lymph nodes under the arm and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor also may be removed.Procedure 2In some cases, the cancer is too large to be removed by lumpectomy. In these situations, removal of the breast along with the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) that drain the breast, is required. This procedure is called modified radical mastectomy (MRM). The results of mastectomy for breast cancer depend on the stage of the cancer, the tumor size, and whether there is cancer in the lymph nodes.Chemotherapy is often administered after surgery for patients with cancer involving the lymph nodes.Reviewed ByReview Date: 12/15/2011Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
What is the difference between genetically modified and normal tomatoes?
genetically modified are much more healthier than normal tomatoes?"
What are normal results for the antinuclear antibody test?
Normal results will be negative, showing no antinuclear antibodies.
What is metabolic analog?
Structurally modified metabolite that prevents the action of the normal metabolite
What are normal results from hemoperfusion?
Normal results include satisfactory clearance of the toxic substance or waste products from the patient's blood.
Is CO2 a radical?
No, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not a radical. A radical is a molecule that has unpaired electrons, making it highly reactive. CO2 has a stable electron configuration with all its electrons paired, which contributes to its non-reactive nature under normal conditions.
How different between normal chicken and Gm chicken?
By GM, you probably mean genetically modified. That means the chicken's DNA has been modified to make it "better". A typical improvement is faster than average growth rate. The normal chicken has not been genetically modified. Organic chickens are not only not genetically modified themselves, but are fed food that has not been genetically modified either. These are considered the healthiest, but are also the most expensive. The GM has nothing to do with General Motors.
What are the normal results of septoplasty?
Normal results include improved breathing and airflow through the nostrils, and an acceptable outward shape of the nose.
What are the results of a radical neck dissection?
The mortality rate for radical neck dissection can be as high as 14%. Morbidity rates are somewhat higher and are due to bleeding, post-surgery infection, and medicine errors.
