Practically everything.
switches
Solid State Media consists entirely of electronic components, such as integrated circuits.
that is called a perfect circuit
To protect the components in the circuit from overcurrents.
Kai Chang has written: 'Gong hui fa dong lun' 'Microwave solid-state circuits and applications' -- subject(s): Semiconductors, Microwave devices, Microwave circuits 'Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components, Volume 3: Optical Components and Volume 4' 'Optical Components, Volume 3, Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components' 'Ko Takumin to Shu Yoki' 'RF and microwave circuit and component design for wireless systems' -- subject(s): Design and construction, Wireless communication systems, Equipment and supplies, Microwave circuits, Radio circuits 'Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components' 'Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components, Microwave Solid-State Components' 'Handbook of RF/Microwave Components, Handbook of Optical Components and Engineering' 'Microwave ring circuits and related structures' -- subject(s): Microwave antennas, Microwave circuits
Fuses, fuseable links and circuit breakers.
Energy sources are not always present in circuits as some circuits rely on energy harvested from the environment.
Electrical circuits consist of several key parts, including a power source (like a battery), conductors (wires), and load components (such as resistors, lights, or motors) that use electricity. Circuits can be classified into two main types: series circuits, where components are connected end-to-end, sharing the same current, and parallel circuits, where components are connected across common points, allowing multiple paths for current flow. Additionally, circuits can include switches, fuses, and capacitors, which help control and protect the flow of electricity.
There are three basic types of integrated circuits currently produced by U.S. semiconductor manufacturers: memory components, logic devices, and components. This latter category includes microprocessors and micro controllers.
In a series circuit, components are connected in a single path, while in a parallel circuit, components are connected in multiple paths. In terms of electrical properties, series circuits have the same current flowing through all components, while parallel circuits have different currents flowing through each component. Additionally, in series circuits, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances, while in parallel circuits, the total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance.
Taking an existing IC design and scaling the components smaller.
They are called "integrated circuits" (ICs) or "microchips." These circuits are composed of electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors that are interconnected to perform specific functions.