What are the organelles of a cell made of?

Answer 1

what typicallyoccurs is that the DNA in the nucleus is split and turned into RNA by RNA transcriptase (DNA transcriptase is used in replication) and then this strand of mRNA is modified slightly then sent out of the nucleus ribosomes (there are some organelles called 'vaults' whose designated purpose is not defined yet, however they are believed to transfer mRNA out of the nucleus and to ribosomes). When the mRNA reaches the ribosome, it combines with its tRNA counterpart to form an amino acid chain. This amino acid chain is then sent to the rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) for processing in which it may become an organelle.

Answer 2

According to scientists, organelles are specialized features within prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions. An example in eukaryotic cells, one organelle is the Golgi apparatus which sorts and process proteins. In prokaryotic cells, the Pilli is an organelle that transfers DNA.

Answer 3

Both Plant and Animal cells contain:

• Nucleus: Contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell
• • Chromatin: located inside the nucleus, the chromatin is a combination of genetic material and proteins that pull together to form chromosomes during cell division
  • Nucleolus: located near the center of the nucleus, the nucleolus synthesizes and assembles ribosomal RNA into ribosomes
  • Nuclear envelope: a set of two lipid bilayers that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cytoplasm
• Ribosomes: non-membranous organelles that make proteins. Made from ribosomal RNA and proteins
• Golgi Apparatus: modifies and stores the products of the ER and then send them to other destinations. The Golgi Apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs; cisternae.
• Plasma Membrane: protects the cell from outside materials and consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with various proteins attached to or embedded in it.
• Mitochondrion: organelle that produces ATP and is enveloped in a phospholipid bilayer.
• Cytoskeleton: reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein
• • Microfilaments (actin filaments): solid rods that are built from molecules of actin, a protein. Well known for their role in cell motility, particularly as part of the contractile apparatus of muscle cells
  • Intermediate Filaments: named for their diameter (smaller than a microtubule, larger than a microfilament), the intermediate filaments are constructed of a family of proteins called keratins.
  • Microtubules: hollow rods constructed from a protein called tubulin that shape and support the cell and also serve as tracks along which organelles equipped with motor molecules can move.
• Microvilli: projections that increase the cell's surface area.
• Peroxisome: organelle with various specialized metabolic funtions; produces hydrogen peroxide
• Centrosome: region where the cell's microtubules are initiated. Contains centrioles in animal cells
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
• • Rough ER: synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies drugs and poisons
  • Smooth ER: produces proteins, makes membranes

Only in Plant Cells

• Chloroplasts: photosynthetic organelle that converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy
• Central Vacuole: functions include storage and breakdown of wast products
• Tonoplast: membrane enclosing Central Vacuole
• Plasmodesmata: channels through the cell wall that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
• Cell Wall: outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage

Only in Animal Cells

• Lysosome: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. Contains hydrolytic enzymes.
• Flagella: locomotion organelle present in some animal cells

Definitions and research taken from Biology Sixth Edition, by Cambell and Reece

Answer 4

No, it is sort of the other way around. Cells contain organelles.

Answer 5

molecules