Nuetrons and protons.
Quarks do not exist as free particles and are always found within larger particles such as protons and neutrons. As a result, it is not meaningful to assign a speed to an individual quark.
The main constituents of a proton or neutron are the quarks and gluons. A proton consists of two up quarks and one down quark, the neutron on the other hand consists of two down quarks and one up quark. Both particles also contain a cloud of gluons and through the uncertainty principle many other elementary particles can be found in there as well.
When a down quark changes into an up quark in the nucleus, a Nestor is changing into a proton. The particles released (for almost all neutron to proton transformations) are an electron and an electron anti-neutrino.
Quark is the smallest particle ever discovered.
An elementary particle is considered to be a quark. A quark is a building block for subatomic particles.
The electron, muon and tau; the down quark, the strange quark, the bottom quark; and the W boson.
The quark, which is a fundamental particle, makes up a composite particle called a hadron. The hadron could be considered the "home" of the quark. There are two types of hadrons, and they are the baryon and the meson. The two best know hadrons are probably protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons, the "building blocks" of the atomic nucleus, are types of baryons.Atom
An anti-down quark is the antimatter counterpart of a down quark, one of the elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. It has opposite electric charge to a down quark and can combine with other quarks to form antimatter particles.
Proton, neutron and electron At a lower level up quark, down quark, and electron
I suppose you are talking about electric charge (since there are others like color or hypercharge). Everything is in units of the elementary charge (i.e. ~1.6 * 10-19 C) The following particles have a charge of +2/3 Up Quark, Charm Quark, Top Quark The following particles have a charge of -1/3 Down Quark, Strange Quark, Bottom Quark The following particles have a charge of -1 Electron, Muon, Tau, Proton (but the Proton consists of two ups and one down quark), W- boson The following particles have a charge of +1 W+ boson The following particles have no charge: Electron Neutrino, Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino, Neutron (consists of two down and one up quark), Photon, Higgs (not found yet), Graviton (also not yet found), Z0 boson, gluon. There are also various other composite particles such as mesons, but those are far too numerous to list.
Nothing, an individual quark is a point particle and cannot come apart. Now if your question was what holds quarks together inside particles like protons and neutrons, that would be the strong force, which at the range inside a proton or neutron is so strong that a quark can never escape unless enough energy is applied that a shower of quarks and antiquarks are created in the escape and before any independent quarks can be detected they have already all recombined into doublets and triplets that are already known particles.
In particle physics, the process of quark-antiquark annihilation contributes to the creation of high-energy particles by converting the mass energy of the quark and antiquark into new particles. This process releases a large amount of energy, which can result in the formation of high-energy particles such as mesons or photons.