What are six factors of macroevolution?

Answer 1

I'm not sure that there exists such a thing as "factors of macro-evolution". Macro-evolution is simply what happens when reproductively isolated populations continue to diverge as a result of micro-evolution. They drift apart genetically, behaviourally and morphologically, so that the differences between them become greater and greater. The mechanisms that cause this are reproductive variation and differential reproductive success, the principal mechanisms of evolution.

Answer 2

1. Genetic variation: Variation in the genetic material of a population allows for the evolution of new traits and adaptations.
2. Natural selection: The process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the population over time.
3. Genetic drift: Random changes in the frequency of genetic traits within a population, especially in small populations.
4. Gene flow: The transfer of genes between populations through migration, which can introduce new genetic variation.
5. Mutation: The ultimate source of genetic variation, mutations can lead to the formation of new traits.
6. Environmental changes: Changes in the environment can drive selection pressures that shape the direction of evolution.