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How are prices for goods and services determined in a market economy?
Prices and wages are determined by the price mechanism. The price mechanism is the interaction of the demand and supply curve, or the demand and supply model.The answers below are referring to scenarios where there is no government intervention, when the market is a free market, or market economy.You have to draw the model to understand the theory. Prices of goods and services model, on the horizontal axis, or X axis is the quantity of goods; on the vertical axis, or Y axis, you have the prices of goods. You have your two curves: demand and supply. The demand curve is downward sloping, and the supply curve is upward sloping. The interaction of this two curves will result in the shape of the letter: X.There are two issues to consider.When the market is at equilibrium. This is the point where Supply=Demand. Like reading of a graph, the price of the good will be set at this level and the quantity of the good will be set at this amount. Here, the market is stable. On the long run(where factors of production are variable)When the market equilibrium changes due to the changes in demand and supply.When there is an increase in demand, the new demand curve will shift leftward. This will result in a new point where Demand Curve 2 interacts with original Supply Curve. This is the new price and quantity output, where price increases and quantity output increases compared to when the market was stable in Scenario 1.When there is a decrease in demand, the new demand curve will shift rightward. This will result in a new point where Demand Curve 3 interacts with original Supply Curve. This new price and quantity output, where price decreases and quantity output decreases compared to when the market was stable in Scenario 1.When there is an increase in supply, the supply curve will shift rightward. This will result in a new point where Supply Curve 2 interacts with original Demand curve. The price will be lower, and the output will increase compared to Scenario 1 when the market was stable.When there is a decrease in supply, the supply curve will shift leftward. This will result in a new point where Supply Curve 3 interacts with original Demand curve. The price of the good will increase, and the output will decrease compared to Scenario 1 when the market was stable.The above conditions are the same for the labor curve of the total labor work force, but changing the labels of to quantity of labor, and replacing Wages with Price.There are also shortages and surpluses on the short run that can be considered.Most importantly, market will always return to equilibrium on the long run.
What effects do regulations have on the supply curve and why?
Regulations can shift the supply curve to the left, indicating a decrease in supply. This occurs because regulations often impose additional costs or restrictions on producers, such as compliance costs, safety standards, or environmental regulations. As a result, some producers may reduce their output or exit the market altogether, leading to a lower quantity supplied at any given price. Conversely, regulations can also incentivize innovation and efficiency in some cases, potentially shifting the supply curve to the right.
How does supply differ from the quantity supplied?
A change in quantity supplied is a movement along the upward sloping supply curve in response to a change market price (holding all other things constant - the ceteris pariubs assumption). Contrast this to a change in supply (a shift in the supply curve), which is caused by a change in the producers costs.
What are factors affecting supply curve?
A change in supply (a shift in the supply curve) occurs whenever some factor that affects the supply of the good, other than its price, changes. Such variables include:1. Prices of productive resources. A rise (fall) in the prices of resources shifts the supply curve leftward (rightward).2. An increase in technology shifts the supply curve rightward.3. An increase (decrease) in the number of suppliersshifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).4. Prices of other goods produced, which have two possible relationships:a) When the price of a substitute in production rises (falls), the supply curve for the good shifts leftward (rightward).b) A rise (fall) in the price of a complement in production shifts the supply curve rightward (leftward).5. If the expected future price of the product rises (falls), the supply curve in the present period shifts leftward (rightward).A change in supply also affects the price and quantity of the product.1. An increase in supply (a shift rightward of the supply curve) causes the price to fall and the quantity to increase.2. A decrease in supply (a shift leftward in the supply curve) causes the price to rise and the quantity to decrease
Why is it difficult to judge elasticity of demand or supply if you are merely observing the appearance of a demand or supply curve on a graph?
Because it is basically curved shape, therefore, there are points/areas on the curve where the demand or supply will be elastic and on some other parts be inelastic. At the top of the curve, demand/supply tends to be inelastic and at the bottom of the curve, it tends to be elastic. Obviously, the more you go up the more we reach the perfectly inelastic demand/supply and the further you go down the curve, the more you reach the perfectly elastic demand/supply
When studying how some event or policy affects a market elasticity provides information on the?
maginitude of the effect on the market.
What are the forces behind the supply curves?
While changes in price result in movement along the supply curve, changes in other relevant factors cause a shift in supply, that is, a shift of the supply curve to the left or right.Such a shift results in a change in quantity supplied for a given price level. If the change causes an increase in the quantity supplied at each price, the supply curve would shift to the right:Supply Curve ShiftThere are several factors that may cause a shift in a good's supply curve. Some supply-shifting factors include:· Prices of other goods - the supply of one good may decrease if the price of another good increases, causing producers to reallocate resources to produce larger quantities of the more profitable good.· Number of sellers - more sellers result in more supply, shifting the supply curve to the right.· Prices of relevant inputs - if the cost of resources used to produce a good increases, sellers will be less inclined to supply the same quantity at a given price, and the supply curve will shift to the left.· Technology - technological advances that increase production efficiency shift the supply curve to the right.· Expectations - if sellers expect prices to increase, they may decrease the quantity currently supplied at a given price in order to be able to supply more when the price increases, resulting in a supply curve shift to the left.
10 Give two reasons why the long-run industry supply curve may slope upward Use an example to demonstrate your reasons?
There are, however, two reasons that the long-run market supply curve might slope upward. The first is that some resource used in production may be avail- able only in limited quantities. For example, consider the market for farm prod- ucts. Anyone can choose to buy land and start a farm, but the quantity of land is limited. As more people become farmers, the price of farmland is bid up, which raises the costs of all farmers in the market. Thus, an increase in demand for farm products cannot induce an increase in quantity supplied without also inducing a rise in farmersÕ costs, which in turn means a rise in price. The result is a long-run market supply curve that is upward sloping, even with free entry into farming. A second reason for an upward-sloping supply curve is that firms may have dif- ferent costs. For example, consider the market for painters. Anyone can enter the market for painting services, but not everyone has the same costs. Costs vary in part because some people work faster than others and in part because some people have better alternative uses of their time than others. For any given price, those with lower costs are more likely to enter than those with higher costs. To increase the quantity of painting services supplied, additional entrants must be encouraged to enter the market. Because these new entrants have higher costs, the price must rise to make entry profitable for them. Thus, the long-run market supply curve for painting services slopes upward even with free entry into the market.
In economics what is the meaning of the term 'demand curve'?
Graphical representation of law of demand that is change in quantity demanded due to change in price keeping other factors constant is demand curve. It is downward sloping as there is inverse relation between price and quantity demanded.
Leftward shift in the supply curve?
A leftward shift in the supply curve would mean that some outside (Macro-economic) or inside (Micro-economic) event occurred that caused the supplier of the good to not be willing to make as many at a lower price. The price of the good/service will increase. The new price will be at the new (higher) intersect of the supply and demand curves (equilibrium).
How do changes in demand and supply bring about changes in market-clearing prices?
demand and supply are continually changing, causing some market-clearing prices to rise and some to fall; however these higher and lower prices cause some businesses in our economy to expand and others to contract.
What are some popular backpack brands on the market today?
Some popular backpack brands on the market today include North Face, Herschel Supply Co., JanSport, Fjallraven, and Patagonia.
