Air Pressure
Moisture
Electrical charge (One can measure it to certain degree, especially right before and during a thunderstorm)
Visibility
Airspeed
Temperature
Not sure if these below are considered atmospheric conditions though.
Acidity
Particle Density (pollution with particles, stone dust etc.)
atmosphere can be measured in barometers.
While some atmospheric conditions like temperature and humidity can be measured with instruments, phenomena such as cloud formation, turbulence, and weather patterns often need to be observed directly. These observations are typically made through visual inspection, radar, or satellite imagery. Such qualitative assessments are crucial for understanding complex interactions in the atmosphere that cannot be captured by instruments alone.
There is no atmosphere on Mercury
The atmosphere has numerous measurable properties, including pressure, temperature, humidity, velocity. Each of these is measured by a different instrument. Pressure is measured by a barometer, temperature is measured by a thermometer, etc.That would be a barometer. I assume you are referring to atmospheric pressure.
Graphs or Radar
Atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer and expressed in millibars. Normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1013 millibars.
Nm3 refers to gas measured at standard conditions of 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure, while Sm3 refers to gas measured at standard conditions specific to the gas composition being measured. Sm3 takes into account the actual molar composition of the gas, making it more accurate for gas mixtures other than pure nitrogen.
Yes. Light is measured in photons and it is quite evident that the atmosphere is transparent to light.
The earth's atmosphere comprises a volume of gases and that cannot be measured in square miles.
Which planet?
The weather refers to the daily conditions of the atmosphere not the climate. Everyday weather can vary a lot.
The earth is protected by the atmosphere which deflects some of the radiation that comes from the sun.