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A cave's formations are called spelothems which are formed as acidic water which dissolves into small amounts of limestone rocks as it flows through cracks or joints going into a cave. Eventually when water comes into contact with the air of the cave the carbon dioxide precipitates out. When the carbon dioxide is cmpletely gone the water no longer holds as much dissolved calcium. Rather the excess calcium is precipitated on the cave walls and cielings. The formation of speleothems form very slowly often taking around years to add centimeters of material to the cave. Soda straws, stalactites, stalagmites, and columns are some examples of formations that speleothems might take.
Soda straws- water seeps down from the surface and drops to the floor, leaving a tiny deposit of dissolved calcite on the surface of the cieling. The ring forms a small hollow tube which is an example of what you see soda straw-like hanging objects from the cave cieling.
Stalactites-Is formed from soda straws, this formations takes plave when the water runs along the outside fo the soda straw and deposits calcite on the outer surface.
Stalagmites-Formation of this is when calcite remaining from the water falls to the ground of the cave. Agitation forces some of the calcite out of water as it hits the ground.
Finally colums- the are formed when stalactities and stalagmites meet. They are frequently in a single joint or crack.
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