There are many different types of Adobe fonts available for consumers. Some examples of Adobe fonts are: Arno Pro, and another example is Garamond Premier Pro.
OpenType
Yes, there are websites like Google Fonts and Adobe Fonts that allow you to use fonts directly on your website or project without downloading them.
Cursive fonts will vary from language to language. For example cursive Arabic has differences with English/American English cursive. Georges Jean's 1997 book "Writing: The story of alphabets and scripts" gives a full history of the development of such fonts.
It must be.
Yes, in some fonts but not in all fonts - for example Castellar, or any fonts that try to imitate script.
Yes, there is a free fonts app for your LG MS500; try the Adobe Illustrator.
The fonts have different formats and so need converting to work with the other system. Some Windows fonts will work with some Adobe software on a Mac, such as InDesign, without conversion. TransType is a popular conversion solution (See links below) .
There are thousands of fonts available for Mac OS X. Some are installed as standard with the OS (See links below). Others will be installed with certain packages such as software by Adobe or Microsoft. There are also many other sources of fonts either free or paid for (See links below).
Dafont.com offers a wide range of legally free fonts for download.
In some fonts, yes; in other fonts, no.
"Pro" is what Adobe calls the OpenType fonts with extended character sets.
It is like you for example design your book appearance or some work for your studies. It is to be able to control and efficiently use adobe on higher level.