Probably infinite. You can often join 2 hydrocarbons together to get further hydrocarbons, just like you can combine 2 numbers together to get more.
Yes, many hydrocarbons are toxic or carcinogenic.
Hydrocarbons are a very diverse category. Some of them can be bad for you if you are exposed to them. Some are essential for you to live.
No, but foods can contain some hydrocarbons. While most hydrocarbons are toxic to humans, one form in particular is used in many food preparations: paraffin wax.
Volatile hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that are liquid at normal pressure and temperature but have a high vapor pressure and therefore evaporate rapidly. Some examples of volatile hydrocarbons include toluene, methylene chloride, and acetone.
Hydrocarbons are generally odorless. However, some hydrocarbons can have a faint, sweet odor.
a mixture of hydrocarbons and probably some 'dirt'
Butane and isobutane are both alkane hydrocarbons. They are not substituted hydrocarbons, as they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms in their structure. Substituted hydrocarbons would have other elements or functional groups replacing some of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
a mixture of hydrocarbons and probably some 'dirt'
This statement is not accurate. While some hydrocarbons do have ring-shaped molecules (such as cycloalkanes and aromatics like benzene), not all hydrocarbons have this structure. Hydrocarbons can exist in various forms including linear chains and branched structures.
Gasoline is composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons having 6 to 9 carbon atoms, some linear some cyclic. The laboratory standard "gasoline" used for quality comparison is 100% pure linear octane (i.e. 8 carbon atoms). When burned in an engine with a shortage of oxygen, it does produce smaller hydrocarbons called "unburned hydrocarbons" that contribute to smog.
Inhalation of hydrocarbons can be harmful to human health, leading to respiratory issues, dizziness, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Prolonged exposure to certain hydrocarbons, such as benzene, has been linked to serious health effects, including an increased risk of cancer. It is important to handle and use hydrocarbons safely to minimize health risks.
If the hydrocarbons are in the liquid state then their differential boiling points are used in separation - fractional distillation. Some hydrocarbons are also separated by their differential solubility in some organic solvents. =)