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Some key issues relating to the resurrection of Jesus are:

  • Did the resurrection really happen?
  • Was it a physical resurrection or a purely spiritual one?
  • Why do the gospel accounts differ so much regarding the resurrection?

The weight of evidence says that the resurrection was not a physical resurrection but was at first believed to have been a spiritual resurrection. Later, the gospel authors created elaborate stories to 'prove' that Jesus had been resurrected physically. This contention is supported by some important theologians.

Paul wrote his epistles before any of the gospels was written. 1 Corinthians 15:15-44 show that Paul believed the resurrection was of his spiritual body, which is not the physical body, and that all people are raised from the dead in the same meaning. At 1Corinthians 15:3-8, Paul also seems to have believed that when the risen Jesus appeared to Cephas, then the twelve, then to more than 500 (most of whom were still alive) then to James and all the apostles, that the appearances were all of the same nature as the appearance to himself, with no suggestion that any of those appearances somehow more real than the spiritual appearance he experienced. Paul seems to say that the risen Jesus did not show himself physically, but only through visions or dreams.

John Shelby Spong (Born of a Woman: A Bishop Rethinks the Birth of Jesus) rejects the physical resurrection. In his view, Jesus was not physically resurrected, but rather "exalted" by God.

Mark's Gospel originally ended at verse 16:8, with the young man telling the women that Jesus was risen and they told no one. The "Long Ending" (verses 16:9-20) was added to Mark's Gospel long afterwards to provide the necessary resurrection appearances. The authors of the other gospels relied on Mark's Gospel for everything they knew about the life and mission of Jesus, but since Mark as yet had no resurrection details, each author had to create his own ending, and each ending is entirely different to the other. Since all accounts of the empty tomb are dependent on Mark, the story hangs by a slender thread indeed.

Archbishop Peter Carnley (The Structure of Resurrection Belief ) writes: The presence of discrepancies might be a sign of historicity if we had four clearly independent but slightly different versions of the story, if only for the reason that four witnesses are better than one. But, of course, it is now impossible to argue that what we have in the four gospel accounts of the empty tomb are four contemporaneous but independent accounts of the one event. Modern redactional studies of the traditions account for the discrepancies as literary developments at the hand of later redactors of what was originally one report of the empty tomb...
There is no suggestion that the tomb was discovered by different witnesses on four different occasions, so it is in fact impossible to argue that the discrepancies were introduced by different witnesses of the one event; rather, they can be explained as four different redactions for apologetic and kerygmatic reasons of a single story originating from one source.


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