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The most important question of ethics is "What should I do?" If so, the most important topic in ethics concerns the moral rightness or wrongness of actions (acts). It's important to distinguish an act from its consequences. This yields 3 ways of understanding the most important topic in ethics.

An ethical theory may locate the critical feature as a feature of the act itself (such as the intention of the actor). Such theories are called "deontological" or, sometimes, "Kantian."

Alternatively, an ethical theory may locate the critical feature as a feature of the consequences of an act. Such theories are called "consequentialist" or "utilitarian."

A third alternative is any theory based on the thesis that the moral evaluation of an act should consider both some feature of the act itself and some feature of its consequences. Such theories are called "mixed" theories.

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