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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing images. Image files are composed of either pixel or vector (geometric) data that are rasterized to pixels when displayed (with few exceptions) in a vector graphic display.
The most important characteristics of an image stored in as a file are:
- size in bytes (depends on image resolution and on the compression techniques)
- color space (RGB, HSI, supporting transparency)
- color depth (how many colors for a single pixel can be represented)
- support for multiple images in a file (additionally animation can be supported)
- number of dimensions supported (2D images, 3Dimages)
The various image file formats try to optimize some of these parameters. Depending on what you want to do with the image, you may need a small file or a very high color depth (like 16bit per color channel) or a small animated graphic or ... For each of these tasks there is one or more image file formats that are better suited. Below are listed the most common advantages and use cases for the best known raster image formats.
If you want to convert between formats, please see the second linked article (How do you change a photo resolution or image format?)
The JPEG/EXIF file format is optimized for storing photographs like images. It uses lossy compression, RGB, 8 bit per channel, no support for transparency or multiple images, 2D images support. The files are small and as long as the compression is not too great the image quality is almost identical to the original. JPEG images are very common, being supported virtually by every imaging device and image processing software. Due to their small size are ideal for storing, transmitting and embedding photos or similar images.
The GIF file format is optimized for small, lower quality images. It uses a lossless compression, palette based with a maximum of 256 colors, supports transparency and multiple images and animation, 2D only. This makes the GIF format suitable for storing graphics with relatively few colors such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos and cartoon style images. It is still widely used to provide image animation effects.
The PNG file format was created as the free, open-source successor to the GIF. It supports additionally to GIF RGB images with 8 bit per channel. It does not support multiple images and animation. The PNG format is widely used on the WEB due to transparency and lossless compression.
The BMP file format is a simple format used to store images like bitmaps. It is widely supported by the operating systems. It supports some simple lossless compression, can be either palette or up to RGB32 based, supports transparency, only 2D images. Due to the large image file and the availability of better formats like PNG, TIFF its use remains mostly restricted to the OS scope or as a temporary format when exchanging images.
The TIFF is a flexible format that can represent everything from fax images to photos compressed or uncompressed as a bitmap, including additional image information like EXIF. TIFF supports up to 16bit per channel, transparency, multiple images, 2D images in multiple planes. It is widely used by scanners and fax machines due to its support for all possible color depths and multiple images (for example the pages that are scanned/faxed). It gets also used in digital cameras as a lossless format.
The RAW image format, sometimes called digital negative, contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image or motion picture film scanner. It is typically uncompressed or minimally lossless compressed, supports up to 16bit per channel, no transparency. Multiple images are in several variants of the format supported. There are hundreds of raw image formats in use by different models of digital equipment (like cameras or film scanners).
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoAdvantages:
Small file size
Unlimited zoom without anti-aliasing "jaggies"
Good for line drawings and images with large areas of same color
Disadvantages
Can not reproduce photographs well
Formats not standardized as much as raster graphics formats
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoRaster images are the natural choice when representing images like photos. They store a value for each pixel, compressing the images with various schemes. This way the images are large when compared to vector images, but contain all required detail.
If the image is a rendered one or made just fo geometric shapes, then vector images are better due to their small size.
Wiki User
∙ 14y agothe advantages of raster images are that if you do it correctly you will get distincition
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoAdvantage of vector objects is that you can resize them and change their shape as much and as many times as you want without to loose any quality.
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Raster scan, or raster scanning: is the pattern of image detection and reconstruction in television, and is the pattern of image storage and transmission used in most computer image systems. The word raster comes from the Latin word for a rake, as the pattern left by a rake resembles the parallel lines of a scanning raster. Picture element: In a raster scan, an image is cut up into successive samples called pixels, or picture elements, along scan lines. Each scan line can be transmitted as it is read from the detector, as in television systems, or can be stored as a row of pixel values in an array in a computer system. On a television receiver or computer monitor, the scan line is turned back to a line across an image, in the same order. After each scan line, the position of the scan line is advanced, typically downward across the image in a process known as vertical scanning, and a next scan line is detected, transmitted, stored, retrieved, or displayed. This ordering of pixels by rows is known as raster order, or raster scan order.
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