In Vernier Theodolites, vernier are used for taking the readings. These theodolites are most commonly used in the general works. Most of the general Theodolites can read upto 20"
They are surveying instruments used to measure angles.
Transit theodolites (or just 'Transits') are those in which the telescope can rotate in a complete circle in the vertical plane, whereas the rotation in the same plane is restricted to a semi-circle for non-transit theodolites
Frederick Marshall Johnston has written: 'Knights and theodolites'
During Great Trigonometric Survey they used theodolites to measure Mount Everest.
Most theodolites have no "permanent" adjustments, since they are used to measure angles, both horizontal and vertical.
In surveying they were used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. They were basically a small telescope mounted on a tripod
Navigation technologies in the age of Heroic Exploration included sextants, theodolites and other celestial navigation tools.
Surveyors and engineers. Please see the related link that talks about theodolites, who uses them, how they work, and a few neat pictures:
Question is irrelevant, theodolites- including modern electronic models- are very much in use and are updated- not something obsolete like, say Steam Locomotives.
Theodolites generally can weight anything from about 1 kg up to over 10 kg depending on the age and model of the theodolites. The older smaller mechanical/optical versions are generally lighter than the larger electical versions that have come out since the 1970's. Don't forget the ancillary items (e.g. protective carrying cases, tripods, batteries and recording devices). A good site to visit is: http://www.wild-heerbrugg.com/technical_data_wild_theodolite.htm
They are the same - they are precision instruments having telescopic sights for establishing horizontal and sometimes vertical angles . In the US and Canada they are called Transit Levels, in the UK Theodolites.