The isotopic composition of carbon is:
- carbon-12; 98,9 %
- carbon-13: 1,1 %
- carbon-14: traces
The name given to warming of the earth due to increased levels of carbon dioxide is global warming. This is a result of the greenhouse effect, where carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a rise in temperature.
The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of all the stable isotopes of the element (if it has any), weighted by the natural occurrence levels of the isotopes in the elements as found on earth or in the atmosphere.
I am not quite sure what you mean, but radioactive isotopes such as carbon-14 will have the same radioactive properties - i.e., they will decay - anywhere in the Universe, not just on Earth. In general, the laws of nature are believed to be the same everywhere.
Carbon Dioxide
Because there were no plant life forms on the Earth when it was first created.
Carbon-12 (C-12) is one of the stable isotopes of the element carbon. It is composed of six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. This isotope makes up the majority of naturally occurring carbon on Earth.
Carbon dioxide levels have not fallen. They have been gradually increasing for the past 250 years when man began burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees. Since 1980 CO2 levels have increased more rapidly than ever before.
The atmosphere on Earth had the most carbon dioxide around 300 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. This period is known for high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide which supported the growth of lush forests and high oxygen levels.
The ratio of oxygen isotopes 16O and 18O is used in studies of climate and paleoclimate. This ratio can indicate past temperatures, precipitation levels, and ice volume, providing insights into Earth's climate history.
Silicon is not converted to magnesium in earth; some artificial isotopes of silicon decay to magnesium isotopes.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increasing because human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than natural processes can remove. This imbalance leads to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, even though the total amount of carbon on Earth remains relatively constant.
Scientists use radiometric dating to determine the age of the Earth by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes in rocks and minerals. By analyzing the ratio of parent isotopes to daughter isotopes, scientists can calculate the age of the Earth based on the rate of decay of these isotopes.