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Yes, Sure, it is acceptable for Muslims to hold separate philosophical and theological beliefs so far they don't contradict with the basic Islamic beliefs that are based on Quran and Sunnah (prophet Muhammad sayings and practices).
It you mean Qaza Qadr, Destiny, it is necessay to believe that it is in the hands of Almighty Allah. It is one of the basic beliefs of the Muslims.
All Muslims have the same core beliefs. You mean islams, Muslims are people from the Middle East.
As far as the basic beliefs of Islam are concerned, there is no fundamental division among the Muslims. Anyhow, the jurists have given different opinions about various topics. In this regards, the Muslims are divided into more than 80 sects.
The most important deed to attend for a Muslim (after basic beliefs) is offering Prayer (Salat) five times a day.
The Muslims get their beliefs from the Qur'an and the Sunna.
The basic beliefs of all religions including Hindus, Christians and Muslims are traditional Superstitions!"No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to the one and despise the other.You cannot believe in both "God" and Religion, simultaneously!
Today Egyptians are Muslims
Muslims practice their beliefs by reading the qur'an everyday, praying to Allah five times a day,wearing thetraditional clothing
The Muslims believe in ONE and the ONLY Almighty God. They believe in the last Prophet Muhammad (SAW). They believe in the same holy Book. They have the same basic beliefs. They are termed as Brothers by Allah Almighty and the holy Prophet (SAW). So, they are united and the Empire was united on these basic beliefs.
Mostly Christian/ Catholic beliefs. Small percentage of Muslims.
Islam religion is one religion. However, Muslims are belonging to mainly two groups, schools, or sects. They are Sunnis and Shiites. Both are Muslims but differ in very minor details that affecting basic Islamic beliefs and principles.