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Conditions that favor the formation of supercells, the storms that produce most tornadoes include:

  • Warm moist air in the lower troposphere.
  • Cool air in the upper troposphere.
  • A layer of warm air about a mile above the ground
  • Strong wind shear, especially at lower levels
  • A source of weak to modest lift, usually from a cold front, dry line, or cyclone.

Tornadoes, especially strong ones, are most likely to developif the relative humidity is high enough to produce a low cloud base.

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