See related links for a map of the Indo-European language tree.
Indo-European paganism is any form of paganism (roughly, polytheistic religion) of people who speak Indo-European languages, which include Sanskrit and the languages of India, Avestan and the languages of Persia, Greek, Latin, and Celtic languages, Germanic, Slavic and Baltic languages, Albanian and Armenian. For more information see <A HREF="http://pierce.yolasite.com/">Proto-Indo-European religion</A>.
Indoeuropean meaning is light, or deity.
It belongs to the Celtic subdivision of Indoeuropean languages. It includes Irish, Scottish and Manx Gaelic, all separate languages. Welsh, Breton and Cornish belong to the other branch of Celtic.
Yes, most languages of India are descended from Indo-European, as is Persian.
Italian and Welsh are not directly related as they come from different language families. Italian is a Romance language, originating from Latin, while Welsh is a Celtic language, part of the Brythonic branch. They evolved separately from different ancestral languages.
Research done in India is generally very inaccurate. It is true in any developing world. All the Indian languages have their origin in Sanskrit, a IndoEuropean language. Kannada is a more complete and classical language unlike Tamil which lacks even basic letters like 'ha' in its alphabet. Telugu script has its origin in Kannada. So do Konkani and Tulu languages.
The Swahili language has roots in Arabic and Bantu languages. Arabic influence is particularly significant due to historical trade connections along the East African coast.
Cognates help speakers identify similarities and connections between different languages. They can assist in understanding the relationships between languages and aid in language learning and translation.
If you mean bastard, as in fatherless; then no... it is in the family language of the germanic - indoeuropean - japhetic trace of languages from the tower of babel. But it is becoming a "bastard" language in the sense that surely a great number of more than half of the people who speak it speak it as a second language, mainly pressured by business, colonization and cultural pressure.
Basque, Korean, and Finnish are examples of languages that are not genetically related to any other language families. They are considered language isolates, meaning they do not have known genealogical connections with other languages.
Substrate linguistics is important in understanding how languages evolve because it helps us trace the influence of earlier languages on the development of current languages. By studying substrate languages, linguists can uncover the historical connections and interactions between different language groups, shedding light on the complex processes that shape linguistic diversity over time.
Some languages that are derived from the German language include Dutch, Afrikaans, and Yiddish. These languages share similarities in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation with German due to historical linguistic connections.