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Perhaps one of the greatest drawbacks of peer reviewing is that there may be personal bias that may cloud the actual review. Also, the person reviewing the material may not be knowledgeable on the subject.
The general term for this is not "grading" but "peer review."
Here's a really great article about explaining the peer review process: http://www.ehow.com/how_4765842_explain-peer-review-process.html
You are a. Scanning the article
I think that this is the same as "peer-reviewed" article. Usually peer-reviewed articles are found in scholarly, academic type of journals. Peer-reviewed means that the article in the journal was analyzed, or reviewed, by the author's peers. It has to do a lot with credibility. When an author submits an article to a peer-reviewed publication, the editors of that publication will have a group of experts analyze and check the content and resources to make sure that the article is legitimate and NOT made-up. Many teachers in college prefer the student to use "peer-review" articles to support their research papers. The following related link can give a little more information on how to find peer-reviewed articles.
Stupidity. Peer pressure. Lack of maturity. No real knowledge of the consequences.
In a conference, a group of scientists from the same field reviews the paper. In a peer review, members from other fields review the paper.
Peer review
Here is a helpful article about review writing: http://readingtomyself.blogspot.com/2009/01/reviewing-for-beginners.html
It helps people understand their consequences when they do wrong from following the wrong crowd to get social repuatation.
An article discussion is a conversation or debate about the content, arguments, or conclusions presented in an article. It involves reviewing, analyzing, and sharing perspectives on the article's ideas, validity, and implications. Article discussions can take place in various settings, such as academic seminars, online forums, or book clubs.
Two consequences of being the one to pressure someone into something are disloyalty, and untrustworthy, especially if the person who was pressured is hurt. If you pressure something into something that causes them to get seriously injured or dead, you can be charged with it. Two consequences of being peer pressured into something is being hurt, getting pregnant, losing friends, going to jail and even dieing.