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The simple principle of a rectifier is to convert Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC)

it does this by only allowing the top half of the AC wave to pass through. The simplist rectifier is a Diode. If you place a Diode in line with an AC current you will get DC current. If you just use 1 diode it will be a really choppy DC current. The best bet is 4 diodes in a Bridge Rectifier configuration. This will give full wave rectification.

even after you've rectified the wave, it's still wavvy, So then you have to filter it to get it nice and smooth like the DC current you might get out of a Battery.

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