What are the contribution of Philip b Crosby in total quality management?

Explain various behavioral implications of control?

Automatic and Controlled Processes in BehaviouralControl: Implications for Personality PsychologyINTRODUCTIONMechanisms of behavioural control (e.g. automatic vs. controlled processing) arefundamental in psychological explanation; and individual differences in these mechanismsmay be assumed to play an equally important role in personality psychology. As Carver,European Journal of PersonalityEur. J. Pers. 24: 376–403 (2010)Published online in Wiley InterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/per.779*Correspondence to: Philip J. Corr, University of East Anglia, UK. E-mail: p.corr@uea.ac.ukCopyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCLEVELS OF BEHAVIOURAL CONTROLThis section presents some of the ‘scene-setting’ material in preparation for the articulationof the major theoretical problems. It should prove useful in avoiding any misunderstandings concerning the nature of the model proposed.CognitionIt is important to be clear as to what is meant by ‘cognition’, especially in the way it differsfrom ‘non-cognitive’ (e.g. ‘biological’) explanations. The concept of ‘cognition’, as used1This paper is not concerned with the nature of consciousness per se. It is concerned with how processing at thecontrolled level, which often has representation in conscious awareness, relates to processing at the automaticlevel. In a closed physical-causal system, themental aspect of conscious awareness (the experience of it) should beclearly differentiated from the mechanisms that control it, the latter of which interfaces with automatic levels ofcontrolin this paper, refers to the capacity to know and to have knowledge; and this deﬁnitionincludes the structures and information processes that support knowing/knowledge. Thisknowledge and the processes of ‘knowing’ are embedded in structures, beliefs andoperations (e.g. decision-making) that, in a fundamental conceptual sense, existindependently of nervous activity (although, of course, they are instantiated in thisactivity). For example, knowledge of Renaissance art, as contrasted with Cubism, is notdetermined by nerve assemblies—although, it should not be forgotten that our visualperception of art is determined by nervous system activity (e.g. the construction of thequalia2of colour from electromagnetic reﬂections from the paint surface). This knowledgeis often, but need not be, accessible to conscious awareness; however, to avoid the everpresent Cartesian trap, it is not assumed that conscious awareness comprises or controls theunderlying cognitive mechanisms; rather, it is seen as one of outputs of controlledprocessing.3Thus, one major problem that any theory of cognition and behaviour must address—to the extent that cognition is different from motor control processes—is howknowledge-level structures/processes interface with biological structures/processes ofthe neuroendocrine system to affect immediate behaviour. In cybernetic terms, cognitiveknowledge structures/processes must interface with behavioural systems in order to setthe weights at critical points in the regulatory feedback system that choreographs andcontrols behaviour—as elaborated below, behaviour is always initiated and executed ata pre-conscious, automatic level: Mind events follow brain events. This is a basic tenetof materialist brain science, which in one form or another is the standard modelendorsed (or, at least, not openly disavowed) by (the majority of) contemporaryresearchers.Dual-process modelsThe need to differentiate levels of behavioural control is demonstrated by the wide varietyof dual-process models in the literature (e.g. Carver, 2005; Eisenberg, 2002; Epstein, 1973,1994; Evans, 2003; Hirsh, 1974; Lieberman, Gaunt, Gilbert, & Trope, 2002; Metcalfe &Mischel, 1999; Rolls, 1999; Rothbart & Bates, 2006; Rothbart, Sheese, & Conradt, 2009;Strack & Deutsch, 2004; Toates, 1998, 2006; see Carver et al., 2008). Most of these modelscontain a combination of the following features:1. Automatic (reﬂexive): Fast, coarse-grained, ballistic (implicit/procedural learning), andpre/non-conscious.2. Controlled (reﬂective): Slow, ﬁne-grained, deliberative (explicit/declarative learning),and often accessible to conscious awareness.SUMMARY OF THE PROBLEMThe problem to be addressed by the model of behavioural control may now be summarised.At the point of initiation and execution, all brain-behavioural processes are controlled bythe automatic-reﬂexive system, and the operations of this system cannot be affectedsimultaneously by high-level controlled processes, and nor can they be consciously knownas only their products are represented in conscious awareness. In order to eschew adualistic position, brains events must precede mind events, always.6Now, if controlled processing and conscious awareness comes only after correspondingbrain events and is the outcome, or product, of such causally sufﬁcient processing, thenhow do controlled-reﬂective (often, but not necessarily, conscious) processes exert anyinﬂuence (if they do) on automatic-reﬂexive (pre/non-conscious) processes? This is acentral question in general psychology and personality psychology. It resides at the core ofthe issue of how multiple level processes interface; and how personality factors andprocesses operate at and between these levels.Inhibition of pre-potent behaviourAutomatic routines are well suited to reacting to predictable stimuli from a pre-existingbehavioural repertoire; however, such automatic behaviours are not so good for tasksrequiring a departure from ﬁxed routines (e.g. a novel task), or when automatic behaviour isnot going to plan. Much of cognitive processing involves inhibitory functions, and the ‘lateerror detection mechanism’, activated when things are not going to plan, serves thisfunction well.An experimental demonstration of the power of conscious awareness to inhibit prepotent (automatic) responses is seen in the ‘Jacoby exclusion task’ (Debner & Jacoby,1994). Brieﬂy, words are presented either too fast for conscious recognition (i.e.50 milliseconds) or slow enough for recognition (i.e. 150 milliseconds); backward maskingis used to ensure these precise presentation times. In this experimental paradigm,participants are presented with the prime-word, for example:HOUSEThey are then given a stem-completion task, for example:HOU__A possible stem completion is to add S and E to form ‘HOUSE’.Now, the crucial manipulation in this task is the instruction to participants not tocomplete the word-stem with a prime-word. In the above example, it might be completedwith N and D to form ‘HOUND’.This task is trivially easy for mostDEFENSIVE SYSTEMS OF BEHAVIOURThe above discussion of the functions of consciousness has taken place in relation to theBIS, which is part of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality (Corr &McNaughton, 2008; Gray & McNaughton, 2000; McNaughton & Corr, 2004, 2008a)which comprises two other major systems, discussed below. RST provides a convenientmodel of the automatic processes involved in approach and avoidance behaviour withwhich to start to build a model of behaviour control.8In brief, RST comprises three systems as follows:(1) The ﬁght–ﬂight–freeze system (FFFS) is responsible for mediating reactions to allaversive stimuli, conditioned and unconditioned, and is responsible for avoidance andescape behaviours. It mediates the emotion of fear, and the associated personalityfactor consists of fear-proneness, timidity and avoidance.(2) The behavioral approach system (BAS) mediates reactions to all appetitive stimuli,conditioned and unconditioned, and is responsible for approach to appetitive stimuli. Itmediates the emotion of hope and anticipatory pleasure, and the associated personalityfactor consists of optimism, reward-orientation and impulsiveness.(3) The BIS is responsible for the detection and resolution of goal-conﬂict in very generalterms (e.g. between BAS-approach and FFFS-avoidance), and evolved to permit ananimal to withhold entrance (i.e. passive avoidance) or to enter a dangerous situation(i.e. leading to cautious ‘risk assessment’ behaviour), such as a foraging ﬁeld wherepredators may be hiding. Its principal function is to resolve the evolutionarilyExecutive controlA high level of coordination is needed to ensure ﬂexible behaviour, involving attention,decision-making and integrative functions. Whilst the hippocampus (and other distributedstructures) of the BIS may be necessary to mediate error signals, they work in conjunctionswith cortical stores of information reﬂecting the conﬂicts between goals. In addition,activation of the PFC is also expected to be important. With complex behaviour that entailseven a modicum of conﬂict, there is potential for behavioural interference. PFC has beenassigned an important role in resolving this behavioural problem. Miller and Cohen (2001)provide a review, and an outline of a model, of how the PFC functions to achieve thiscoordination. They note that, in order to avoid this behavioural confusion, mechanismsmust have evolved that coordinate low-level sensory and motor processes according to therepresentation of internal goals—this view ﬁts snugly with the cybernetic view ofbehavioural control advanced in this paper, as well as with the view of the BIS as a goalconﬂiction detection/resolution device.Some general implications of the modelIndividual differences within these two major systems of behavioural control, as well astheir interplay, should account for important sources of variance between people. Somepotential implications are outlined below.First, a person could have all the ‘will’ (i.e. high-level controlled processing andconscious desire) in the world to behave in a certain way (e.g. dieting), but their ‘will’ canonly translate into actual behaviour if the controlled processing system is able to interfaceeffectively with the automatic processing system that, in a proximal sense, controlsimmediate behaviour (e.g. priming effects by hunger). Secondly, difﬁcult-to-stopemotions/behaviours feature prominently in personality psychology (as well as in manypsychiatric disorders). In the case of emotional engagement and expression, especially asseen in the dysfunction of regulation in mood disorders, automatic defensive reactions areoften difﬁcult to stop or inhibit (e.g. depressive rumination and violent rage)—drugs maydirectly inhibit these automatic processes, but ‘talk therapy’ (e.g. cognitive-behaviouraltherapy) would also have the power to modify the cybernetic weights of these automaticprocesses by engaging controlled (usually consciously-mediated) processes. Thirdly, theremay be insufﬁcient representation by controlled processes in automatic processes, leadingto hard-to-stop counter-productive behaviours. For example, cigarette smoking may bedifﬁcult to stop because there is more salient (in terms of priming) representation in theautomatic-reﬂexive processes than controlled-reﬂective ones.

Objective and goals of life?

please feel free to edit, add or remove text...Good Stuff in the QuranSay: Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful.--2:111Don't confuse truth with falsehood or knowingly conceal the truth. 2:42Pay the poor-due. 2:43, 110, 277Be good to parents, relatives, orphans, and the needy. Speak kindly and pay the poor-due. 2:83If you believe it, prove it. (A good rule, but does it apply to Muslims, too?) 2:111The Jews say the Christians are wrong, and vice versa. Yet they both believe in the Scriptures. 2:113Give of your wealth to family, relatives, and the needy. Set slaves free. 2:177Do not fight wars of aggression. (Does this apply only during Ramadan?) 2:190"Do good." 2:195Spend your money for good: to help your parents, your family, orphans, wayfarers, and the needy. 2:215Help orphans. 2:220"There is no compulsion in religion." (But see the next verse which says that disbelievers will burn forever in Hell.) 2:256Don't argue about things that you know nothing about. 3:66Do not be guilty of usury, doubling and quadrpling the sum lent. 3:130I suffer not the work of any worker, male or female, to be lost. Ye proceed one from another. 3:195Give to orphans and don't steal from them. 4:2, 4:10Men and women proceed from one another. 4:25Don't kill other Muslims.(Is it OK to kill non-Muslims?) 4:29Be kind to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, neighbors, and travelers. 4:36Whoever participates in a good cause, will be rewarded. Whoever participates in an evil cause, will bear the consequences thereof. 4:85It is good to help the poor and make peace. 4:114Value justice, for both poor and rich, even when it adversely affects you or your family's interests. 4:135Don't lend money at unfairly high rates of interest. 4:161Don't hate other people. Treat everyone fairly. 5:8Whoever kills a human being, it is as if he had killed all mankind. Whoever saves the life of one, it is as if he had saved the life of all. (But see the next verse which says that the enemies of Allah and Muhammad will be killed, crucified, have their hands and feet cut off, or expelled. And after they die they will face "an awful doom.") 5:32Pay the poor-due. 5:55Feed and clothe the needy. Set a slave free. 5:89Do good to parents, don't kill your children or other living things unnecessarily. 6:151Don't steal from orphans. Don't cheat or lie. 6:152Pay the poor-due. 7:156Be kind and forgiving toward others. 7:199And if they incline to peace, incline thou also to it. 8:61Pay the poor-due, but only if they are Muslims. [Never help a non-Muslim. (See 28:86)] 9:18Alms are for the poor and needy, to free captives and debtors, and to help wayfarers. But not for non-Muslims. [Never help a non-Muslim. (See 28:86)] 9:60Men and women are protecting friends of one another. They enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and pay the poor-due. 9:71"Do not evil in the earth." Treat people fairly, respect their possessions, and avoid evil. 11:85Be kind to your relatives. 16:90Be kind to your parents. Treat them with respect in their old age. 17:23Help your family, the needy, and wayfarer. Don't selfishly squander your wealth. 17:26Don't kill your children to avoid falling into poverty. 17:31Don't steal from orphans. 17:34Don't follow what you don't know. 17:36"Increase me in knowledge." 20:114Feed the poor and unfortunate. 22:28Don't lie. 22:30Be kind to others, forbid injustice, and pay the poor-due. 22:41Pay the poor-due. 22:78Pay the poor-due. 23:4Repel evil with that which is better. 23:96Pay the poor-due. 24:37, 24:56Repel evil with good. 28:54Be kind to your parents. 29:8Men and women should help each other with love an mercy. 30:21Help your family, the needy, and wayfarers. 30:38Pay the poor-due. 31:4Good and evil are not the same. Repel evil with goodness. That way your enemies will become your friends. 41:34Be loving and kind to your relatives. 42:23It is wrong to oppress people. 42:42Live peacefully with disbelievers. 43:88-89Be kind to your parents. 46:15Don't defame, insult, spy on, or backbite one another.. 49:11-12Give of your wealth to help the poor. 51:19"A guess can never take the place of the truth." 53:28Pay the poor-due. 58:13Pay the poor-due. 73:20Free a slave, feed the hungry, and exhort one another to pity. 90:13-17Don't oppress orphans or drive away beggars. 93:9-10Pay the poor-due. That is true religion. 98:5Let each person believe (or disbelieve) whatever he or she wishes. 109:1, 6Good Stuff in the BibleWisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding. -- Proverbs 4:7There ought to be a term that would designate those who actually follow the teachings of Jesus, since the word 'Christian' has been largely divorced from those teachings, and so polluted by fundamentalists that it has come to connote their polar opposite: intolerance, vindictive hatred, and bigotry. -- Philip Stater, Huffington Post=="Honor thy father and thy mother." 20:12"Thou shalt not kill." 20:13"Thou shalt not commit adultery." 20:14"Thou shalt not steal." 20:15"Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour." 20:16Be kind to strangers, widows, and fatherless children. 22:21-22Value the truth; don't lie. 23:1Don't do what everyone else does, if what they do is wrong. 23:2Be kind to your enemies. Do good to those who hate you. 23:4-5Treat the poor fairly. 23:6Be honest. Don't kill the innocent. 23:7Don't mistreat strangers. 23:9Every seventh year the Israelites were to leave their fields unharvested, so that the poor would have something to eat. 23:11LeviticusWhat is stolen or wrongfully acquired should be returned to the owner. 6:2-5Leave some grapes on the vine for travelers and the poor. 19:10Don't steal or lie 19:11, 13"Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumbling block before the blind." 19:14Don't gossip. 19:16Don't hate people. 19:17"Love thy neighbor as thyself." 19:18Respect your elders. 19:32Be kind to strangers. 19:33-34Treat others fairly. Don't cheat. 19:35-36To help feed the poor and strangers, farmers should not harvest the corners of their fields. 23:22"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." 25:10Do not oppress one another. 25:17Deuteronomy"Honor thy father and thy mother." 5:16"Thou shalt not kill." 5:17Don't commit adultery. 5:18Don't steal. 5:19Don't lie. 5:20"Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt." 10:19Help the poor. 15:7-8"Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy." 15:11Judges and officers should strive to be impartial and should never take a bribe. 16:18-19Look out for your neighbor's animals and protect them from harm. 22:1-4Be careful when making a roof to ensure that no one falls off the edge. 22:8Don't return runaway slaves to their masters. Let them live with you in peace and freedom. 23:15-16Do not oppress the poor, whether they be slaves, neighbors, or strangers. 24:14-15"It shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow." Be kind to widows, orphans, fatherless children and strangers. Share whatever you have with them. 24:17-21"Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn." Let the animal eat while it works. 25:4"Thou shalt have a perfect and just weight." Be honest when you deal with others. Don't cheat. 25:13-15Take care of those who need help. 26:12-13Job"He that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more." 7:7-9Job says that humans perish at death like their own dung. Well, one might fault him for his choice of words, but the idea seems sound enough. 20:7Psalms"Blessed is he that considereth the poor." 41:1"Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy. Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked." Though this seems to be directed at other gods, it is good advice for humans as well. 82:3-4"The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into silence." 115:17Proverbs"My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother." 1:8A beautiful proverb about mercy and truth. 3:3Wisdom and understanding lead to happiness. 3:13"Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it." 3:27Help your neighbor, if you can. 3:28Don't devise plots against your neighbor, fight without cause, or imitate an oppressor. 3:29-31"Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding." 4:7Speak plainly and honestly to others. 4:24"Rejoice with the wife of thy youth.... Let her breasts satisfy thee at all times; and be thou ravished always with her love." 5:18-19Wisdom is better than wealth. Nothing else compares with it. 8:11"A wise son maketh a glad father." 10:1, 23:24, 29:3"Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins." 10:12"When pride cometh, then cometh shame." 11:2"The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but he that is cruel troubleth his own flesh." Okay, I don't know about the soul stuff, but I like the general idea. 11:17"He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind." A nice thought and a great movie. 11:29"Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge." 12:1Be kind to animals. (Don't eat them.) 12:10"The way of a fool is right in his own eyes: but he that hearkeneth unto counsel is wise." 12:15"The lip of truth shall be established for ever: but a lying tongue is but for a moment." 12:19"A wise son heareth his father's instruction." 13:1"A righteous man hateth lying." 13:5"Every prudent man dealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open his folly." 13:16Some nice proverbs about wisdom, anger, mercy and folly. 14:7-8, 14:16-18, 14:21-22, 29, 16:21-22"The simple believeth every word." I wonder if this would apply to the fundamentalists who believe every word of the Bible. 14:15"The poor is hated even of his own neighbour: but the rich hath many friends." Can't argue with this one. 14:20"A soft answer turneth away wrath." 15:1Some good remarks about wisdom. 15:2, 7"Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall." 16:18Don't gossip about others. Avoid saying hurtful things. 16:28"He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city." 16:32"A merry heart doeth good like a medicine." 17:22"Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: and he that shutteth his lips is esteemed a man of understanding." 17:28"A fool hath no delight in understanding" and his "mouth is his destruction." 18:2, 7"He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him." 18:13Be careful how you speak; words can do great damage. 21:23"A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches." 22:1"Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it." 22:6"He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed; for he giveth of his bread to the poor." 22:9Don't rob the poor or oppress the afflicted. 22:22"Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words." 23:9"Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words of knowledge." 23:12"Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old." 23:22Find the truth and hang on to it; Value wisdom, instruction, and understanding 23:23"Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth, and let not thine heart be glad when he stumbleth." 24:17"Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and deceive not with thy lips." 24:28"Say not, I will do so to him as he hath done to me: I will render to the man according to his work." 24:29"If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink." 25:21"Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him." 26:12"As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the slothful upon his bed." 26:14"Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth." 27:1"Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth; a stranger, and not thine own lips." 27:2"Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds." Take care of your animals. 27:23"A man that flattereth his neighbour spreadeth a net for his feet." 29:5"The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: but the wicked regardeth not to know it." 29:7"A man's pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit." 29:23As a sailor and birdwatcher, I agree with this proverb that says that the way a ship sails and an eagle flies are two of the most wonderful things. 30:18-19"Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts. Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more." 31:6-7Ecclesiastes"The place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again." Good description of the water cycle. 1:7Wisdom is better than folly, but the same fate awaits us all. 2:13-14"There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour." 2:24"To everything there is a season...." Some nice poetry and a great Byrds song. ("Turn, Turn, Turn" -- written by Pete Seeger) 3:1-8Strive to do good in this life. You only get one chance. 3:12Eat, drink, and enjoy the good of your labor. 3:13Men and animals both die and their spirits don't survive death. "A man hath no pre-eminence above a beast ... All goeth unto one place ... Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth?" 3:19-21"Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his own works." 3:22"Two are better than one" -- the value of friendship. 4:9-12"Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king." 4:13"A fool's voice is known by multitude of words." 5:3Greedy folks are never satisfied. 5:10"As he came forth of his mother's womb, naked shall he return to go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may carry away in his hand." 5:15"It is good and comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh under the sun all the days of his life." 5:18No one knows what happens after we die and no one can tell another how to live. 6:12"A good name is better than precious ointment." 7:1"It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools." 7:5"The patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit." 7:8"Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools." 7:9Don't waste time thinking about "the good old days." 7:10Don't pay attention to everything people say. 7:21Always strive "to know, and to search; and to seek out wisdom, and the reasonableness of things." 7:25There is nothing better for us to do than "to eat, to drink, and to be merry." 8:15The same death comes to us all, the good and the bad alike. 9:2-3As long as we are alive there is hope. After that there is nothing. "A live dog is better than a dead lion." 9:4Dead people know nothing and receive no reward. 9:5"Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart." 9:7"Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest." 9:9"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might," because dead people don't work and they know nothing 9:10Human life is subject to indifferent laws and random events -- just like the lives of other animals. 9:11-12Wisdom, though often ignored and despised, is better than strength. 9:16-17"Wisdom is profitable to direct." 10:10"The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious; but the lips of a fool will swallow up himself." 10:12"A fool also is full of words." 10:14"Cast thy bread upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many days." I don't know what this means, but it sure sounds cool. 11:1However long you may live, enjoy your life to the fullest. But do not forget the dark days and know that the end is both certain and final. 11:8"Walk in the ways of thine heart, and in the sight of thine eyes." 11:9"Much study is a weariness of the flesh." 12:12Isaiah"Cease to do evil; learn to do well ... relieve the oppressed ... plead for the widow." 1:16-17"Come now, let us reason together." 1:18"And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." Well, it's a nice thought, but Joel 3:10 says just the opposite. But what do you expect from a "God of Peace" (Rom.15:33, Heb.13:20) who calls himself a "man of war"? (Ex.15:3) 2:4"The liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand." -- A Bible verse for Howard Dean and the US Democratic Party! 32:8"All flesh is grass." Since all animals, including humans, survive by eating plants or other animals that have eaten plants, it is true that "all flesh is grass." 40:6This verse appear to condemn slavery. However the bible is far from clear on this issue. 58:6Feed the hungry, house the homeless, clothe the naked. 58:7, 10"He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man." 66:3JeremiahDefend the helpless and oppressed; don't harm strangers, widows, orphans, or other innocent people. 22:3Pay a fair wage to your employees. 22:13Hosea"For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice." 6:6Micah"They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." Well, it's a nice thought, but Joel 3:10 says just the opposite. But what do you expect from a "God of Peace" (Rom.15:33, Heb.13:20) who calls himself a "man of war"? (Ex.15:3) 4:3"O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?" 6:8 (Well, it's a nice thought, but there are a few things more that Micah forgot to mention. Like you must believe certain unlikely things or you will be tormented forever in hell (Mk.16:16, Jn.3:18, 36); you must kill witches Ex.22:18, homosexuals Lev.20:13, those who believe differently than you Dt.13:6-10, disobedient children Dt.21:18-21, etc.6:8)Zechariah"Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart." 7:9-10"These are the things that ye shall do; Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates: And let none of you imagine evil in your hearts against his neighbour; and love no false oath." 8:16-17Malachi"Let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth." 2:15God disapproves of adultery, lying, oppressing workers, and mistreating widows, orphans, and strangers. 3:5MatthewBlessed are the merciful" 5:7"Blessed are the peacemakers" 5:9"Love your enemies." Well, it's a nice thought. But it seems strange coming from someone who damns his enemies to hell. (Mark 16:16) 5:44Don't brag about the good things that you do. 6:1-3Jesus tells his disciples not to pray in public. Those who favor school prayer, National Day of Prayer, etc. should take his advice. 6:5-6"Consider the lilies of the field...." A nice analogy, good advice (unless you live in cold climates), and a great movie. 6:28"Judge not, that ye be not judged." 7:1Avoid hypocrisy. Consider your own faults rather than criticizing others. 7:3-4"Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." 7:12Forgive those who repeatedly offend you. 18:21-22Jesus lists the "ten commandments," but his list has only six, and the sixth is not one of the ten. The commandments given by Jesus are secular, not religious, in nature. 19:18Jesus quotes Lev.19:18: "Love thy neighbor as thyself." This is by far the best verse in Leviticus, and one of the best in the entire bible. 22:39"For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in." 25:35"All they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." 26:52MarkWhen Jesus lists the "ten" commandments, he only mentions five -- the humanistic ones that make no mention of God. He also gives one that is not included in the so-called ten commandments: "defraud not." Just where he got this one is anyone's guess. 10:19"Love thy neighbor as thyself." 12:31LukeDo violence to no man, neither accuse any falsely. 3:14Love you enemies; do good to those who hate you. 6:27The Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like to be treated. 6:31-34"Love your enemies." Well, it's a nice thought. But it seems strange coming from someone who damns his enemies to hell. (Mk.16:16) 6:35"Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful." Well I'm glad Jesus thinks we should be merciful. But the Old Testament God is a strange role model for mercy! (See 1 Sam.15:2-3 for an example of the OT God's mercy.) 6:36Don't judge or condemn others. Forgive those who have offended you. 6:37Jesus warns against hypocrisy. The Christian right should pay more attention to this verse. 6:41Love thy neighbor as thyself. 10:27The story of the good Samaritan gets my vote for the best bible story. We should all "go and do likewise." 10:30-37From his comments on the widow's mites, it appears that Jesus, contrary to today's Christian right, favored progressive taxation. 21:1-3JohnJesus tells those who'd like to stone to death an adulteress that whoever among them that is without sin should "cast the first stone." Good advice -- but it directly contradicts the teachings of the Old Testament (Lev.20:20). If that wasn't a good law then why did God make it? Has he since changed his mind? Shouldn't it then be removed (along with most of the OT) from the bible? 8:7"The truth shall make you free." 8:32"Love one another." 13:34"This is my commandment, That ye love one another." If this is what it takes to be a Christian, then count me in. Unfortunately, Christians often take Jesus' commandment to mean that Christians should love other, like minded, Christians, and to hell with everybody else. 15:12, 17Pilate asked Jesus a very good question: "What is truth?" 18:38ActsIt's better to give than to receive. (Jesus didn't say it, but it's a nice thought anyway.) 20:35RomansLet your love be genuine. Do good; avoid evil. 12:9Be kind to others. 12:10Show empathy toward others. 12:15Associate with the lowly. Don't pretend to be wiser than you are. 12:16Don't return evil for evil. 12:17Try to "live peaceably with all men." 12:18Be kind to your enemies. Overcome evil with good. 12:19-21Love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. 13:8"If there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself." 13:9-10Be honest; avoid drunkenness. 13:13"Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind." 14:5Don't judge other people or cause them to fall. 14:13"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another." 14:191 CorinthiansHusbands and wives should be kind to each other. 7:3Love is a good thing. 8:1Some nice thoughts about love (or charity). 13:4-6"Put away childish things." (Like believing in the bible?) 13:11Speak clearly. Too bad the whole Bible doesn't follow this principle. 14:8-9"Be not children in understanding." 14:20Do all things with love. 16:14Galatians"By love serve one another." 5:13"Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself." 5:14"Love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, ... meekness, temperance: against such there is no law." 5:22Don't be conceited or envious of others. 5:26Forgive others. Someday you might make a mistake, too. 6:1Bear one another's burdens. 6:2EphesiansDon't lie. Speak the truth to your neighbor. 4:25"Let not the sun go down upon your wrath." 4:26Don't steal, but rather work so that you will have something to give to those who are in need. 4:28"Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good to the use of edifying." 4:29Be kind and forgiving to one another. 4:31-32"So ought men to love their wives." 5:28Love your wife as yourself. 5:33PhilippiansDon't fight, be humble, and look after the needs of others. 2:3-4"Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things." 4:8ColossiansAvoid anger, wrath, and malice. 3:8Don't lie. 3:9Be merciful, kind, humble, and forgiving toward one another. 3:12-13"Husbands, love your wives." 3:19"Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged." 3:21"Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man." 4:61 Thessalonians"Comfort the feebleminded, support the weak, be patient toward all men." 5:14Don't return evil for evil, but be good to yourselves and all others. 5:15"Prove all things; hold fast to what is good." 5:211 Timothy"Neither give heed to fables and endless genealogies." If we follow this advice we would ignore most of the Bible -- especially the genealogies found in Gen.10, 1 Chr.1-9, Mt.1, and Lk.3. 1:4Paul says to "refuse ... old wives' fables." What about old husbands' fables? Old Bible fables? 4:7"We brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out." 6:72 TimothyBe gentle and patient with all others. 2:24TitusDisregard "Jewish fables and commandments of men, that turn from the truth." Like most of the bible, maybe? 1:14Do good works; be gentle toward others; avoid fighting or speaking unkindly about others. 3:1-2"Avoid ... genealogies." Like Gen.10, 1 Chr.1-9, and Lk.3? 3:9Hebrews"Let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works." 10:24Let brotherly love continue. 13:1Be hospitable to strangers. 13:2Avoid "strange doctrines." Those who do so will avoid nearly everything that the Bible teaches. 13:9James"Be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath." 1:19"Pure religion ... is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." 1:27The rich should not be treated better than the poor. 2:2-4"Love thy neighbor as thyself." 2:8Help others that are in need; don't just wish them well. This is good advice, though it's unfortunate that James restricted this help to "brothers". Did he mean by this that you only need to help fellow believers? 2:15-16James ridicules those who say salvation is by faith alone. He says the devils believe in God. Will their faith save them? 2:19"Speak not evil of one another." 4:11Don't judge other people. 4:12"Ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away." (All we are is dust in the wind.) 4:14Workers should be treated fairly. 5:41 Peter"For all flesh is as grass." Life is ephemeral. Enjoy it while you can. 1:24Avoid evil, malice, hypocrisy, and envy. Don't speak badly about others. 2:1Be compassionate and courteous. Don't seek revenge when you are harmed by another. Speak kindly of others. Do good and avoid evil. 3:8-11Peter says that Christians should be ready to explain why they believe what they do. This is a good verse to remember when Christians refuse to debate you. 3:15Be hospitable to one another without grudging. 4:9Don't murder, steal, do evil things, or interfere needlessly in the lives of others. I wish Christians would follow Peter's advice here, especially the "busybody" part, and stay out of the beliefs and sex lives of nonchristians. 4:152 PeterPaul's epistles are hard to understand. And that those who try to understand them, as with the other scriptures, do so "unto their own destruction. 3:161 JohnThose who love others are "in the light"; those who hate are "in darkness". 2:9-11"Let us not love in word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth." 3:18"Love one another." 4:7-8, 4:16"There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear." 4:182 John"Love one another." Except for all those antichrists (non-Christians), that is. (See verses 7-10) 53 JohnDo good; avoid evil. 11

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