Far side
terminator
the light areas of the moon are called the highlands. the dark areas are called maria.
Terminator or Terminus depending on how Latin you are.
Terminator
The abrupt change (line) between light and dark on the moon is called the terminator. The shadow on the moon is there because the sun only lights up half of the moon (which is a sphere) at a time. Also, people on earth always see the same side of the moon. This is because the moon rotates at the same rate as it orbits (kinda tricky). This phenomenon is called tidal locking. The side of the moon we never see interestingly enough has the biggest impact crater in our solar system. So basically as the moon revolves around the earth and the terminator moves across the moon, more and more of the bright part is 'clipped away' until we eventually end up with a moon that looks totally black. This happens at the end of every month and is called the new moon. Here is the link to the wikipedia article. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phase
Galileo called the dark flat parts on the moon "seas" or "maria" in Latin, although they are now known to be basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic activity.
Reforming
one side of the moon receives light from the sun and the other will never get light..that side is called the dark side of the moon..so yes the moon is dark and also receives sunlight...(the moon does not make any of its own light)
The dark areas on the moon that are smooth and reflect little light are called maria. They are large basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic activity on the moon's surface.
The two parts of the moon's shadow are the umbra, which is the dark central region where light is completely blocked, and the penumbra, which is the lighter outer region where only partial light is blocked.
The dark spots on the moon are called lunar maria, which are large plains formed by ancient volcanic activity. The lighter areas are called highlands, which are rugged and densely cratered regions of the moon's surface.
The edge dividing light and dark is called the terminator. This is where the illumination transitions from day to night or vice versa on a celestial body such as the moon or a planet.