Different types of grammar. Stratificational grammar, transformational grammar, universal grammar, tagmemic grammar, phrase structure grammar, incorporating grammar, synthetic grammar, inflectional grammar, analytic grammar, distributive grammar, isolating grammar, traditional grammar, the new grammar*. -- (from Webster's New World Dictionary) Robbie
Well, this question is harder to answer than it looks. Grammar can be subdivided in several different ways. (1) English education majors often study traditional, structural and generative grammars, which are different means of studying language. (2) On the other hand, you might be looking for standards of grammar, which would include prescriptive (rules of do and don't), descriptive (descriptions of what speakers and writers actually do), and formal (grammar used in computer programming). (3) Grammar, also, has several subfields: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.
Noam Chomsky is who you are looking for.
Chomsky
Noam Chomsky
A kind of generative grammar (Chomsky), the innate basis for learning, speaking and understanding any (verbal) language.
Noam Chomsky is often credited with founding generative grammar in the 1950s. His work revolutionized the study of linguistics by proposing that language is an innate human capacity and that the rules governing language can be described through a formal system.
Noam Chomsky is a leading innovator in linguistics, that is - the study of language.
chomsky
An unrestricted grammar, also known as a type 0 grammar in the Chomsky hierarchy, has rules that allow for rewriting any combination of symbols in the grammar, without any restrictions. This type of grammar is the most powerful in terms of generating languages.
No, Tomasello did not agree with Chomsky's Theory of Language Acquisition. Tomasello proposed the usage-based theory, which emphasizes the role of social interaction and cognitive processes in language development, rather than a universal grammar proposed by Chomsky.
By her careful observation of infant development and notations of seemingly universal stages in the acquisition of different types of knowledge, I imagine she set the stage for his idea of Universal Grammar.
Noam Chomsky developed a theory of Generative Grammar during the 1950s and later. Before Chomsky Grammar had only described language - which is useful for learning a language, but tells you nothing how about language works inside the mind. Chomsky's Generative Grammar gave scientists ideas about how humans create language - and therefore how we think. Most of Chomsky's ideas have proved to be generally correct, and a new science - Cognitive Science - has grown up from Chomskyan theories. Computer scientists also found Chomsky's ideas about language structure useful, and computer languages based on Chomskyan principles (Pascal, C#, Prolog) are much more powerful than the older pre-Chomskyan languages (Fortran). A good introduction to Chomskyan language analysis techniques can be found in Stephen Pinker's books - especially 'The Language Instinct'. Chomsky is probably the most important grammarian since Quintilian (in Roman times) and may be one of the 20th Century's most important theoretical scientists.
Noam Chomsky developed the theory of Universal Grammar, which said that humans have a biological aptitude to acquire language. His theory has helped develop the modern academic field of Linguistics and also Psychology as it deals with language and language acquisition.