You can read an article about the branches of Buddhism here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism
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Hinduism, Jainism, Sihkism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Shintoism, Wicca, Wotanism- Asatru...
The Dalai Lama is the temporal head of Gelug(pa), "Way of Virtue" school of Tibetan Buddhism. He has also assumed the role of the Panchan lama while his latest reincarnation is sought. Gelug is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism is a part of Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) tradition of Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism is one of the two major divisions of Buddhism, the other is Theravada (The School of the Elders)
The main religions in Siberia are Russian Orthodox Christianity and Islam. Buddhism also has a significant presence, especially in the Buryat Republic and Tuva. Additionally, there are indigenous spiritual beliefs among the native peoples of Siberia.
Well there are two branches of Buddhism: Theravada and Mahayana.They are further divided into several sects or schools of Buddhism. Tibetan, Nichiren, Pure Land, Zen, Singon, and Tendai are all Mahayana Buddhist sects.
Buddhism, Christianity and Islam each has a number of denominations/sects. Judaism doesn't really have denominations, just levels of orthodoxy. Hinduism does not have "orthodoxy" so it doesn't have denominations; rather, every Hindu is encouraged to find a unique pathway. Even Mormonism (which is really a separate religion and not a sect of Christianity) has at least five sub-groups. Sub-dividing a religion seems to be a natural human activity.
The three main (generally accepted ) schools of Buddhism are:TheravadaMah?y?naVajray?naEach of these may be broken down into smaller groups with doctrinal differences.There also are essentially "Buddhism lite" schools in popular culture where adherents neither study the basic precepts or the history of Buddhism.
The main religions are Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The first two are polytheistic and the last three are monotheistic. Judaism, Christianity and Islam all have major divisions and sects. I don't know if the same could be said about Buddhism and Hinduism as I have not studied them.
Catholicism is the dominant religion in South America. Other religions that exist include Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and other Christian religions.
No. The Dalai Lama is the head of the Tibetan Government in Exile. He is not even the head of any of the 4 schools of Tibetan Buddhism (Sakya, Gelug, Nyingma, and Kagyu). In fact, the 14th Dalai Lama's political role in Buddhism has cause many problems within Buddhism. He has caused huge divisions in both the Kagyu and Gelug traditions. Search 'Dorje Shugden Controversy' and 'Karmapa Controversy' on Google or click on the related links below to learn more about problems in Tibetan Buddhism created by the 14th Dalai Lama.
There are many leaders within the Buddhist traditions. There are three major branches of Buddhism: Mahayana, Therevada and Vajrayana. From these three major divisions there are many schools. The schools each have lineage holders, revered teachers and most monasteries or temples have abbots. For example, within Vajrayana lies Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism consists of several lineages, Nyigma, Gelug, Sakya, and Kagyu. The Ganden Tripa is the spiritual head of the Gelugpa and His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the temporal head (a position with more political power).
Hinduism has four denominations:SaivismShaktismVaishnavismSmartismBuddhism has two major divisions: MahayanaThedavaraThe question suggests an incorrect basis of comparison.