You must have completed your service term in order to be eligible to recive retired military housing. It can be a great option.
Use the military rank.
Yes, there is a retired clery housing allowance. To read up on how much it is and all of the guidelines, here is a link: http://www.guidestoneretirement.org/formsandfaqs/faqs/housing%20allowance.aspx#EFB1B8EBA4BB423B9ED9143EA58197C7. There are also forms that would have to be filed with the government.
Retired military.
Many places offer discounts for retired military such as Lowes and Disney World, however AAA discounts are for members of AAA reguardless of military status.
A hospital located on a military base which take care of military personnel, their dependents, and retired personnel.
BX's arent military only, if you can get on base you can shop there.
No. Persons who are "retired" are considered to be out of the labor pool and ineligible for unemployment insurance.
20 yrs
Ask you command or finance. Usually they must be a dependent.
Retired military pay is considered part of the household income for FAFSA purposes. It should be reported when filling out the FAFSA application.
People who are retired from the UK military.
Some countries have them, some do not.