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There are three key elements of biological evolution; Genetic Mutation, Natural Selection and Genetic Drift.

Genetic mutations occur when the DNA inside of a dividing cell fails to make a perfect copy of itself, resulting in small variations. This is the mechanism by which phenotypic variations (ie. alleles) are produced within a breeding population.

Natural selection occurs when the frequency of an allele within a breeding population changes based on its positive or negative impact on the reproductive success of the individuals bearing it.

Genetic drift occurs when alleles are either removed from or fixed within a breeding population based on random sampling.

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