A ship is normally steered using its rudder. Dependent on vessel type this may be a single rudder or twin. The rudder is normally positioned behind the propeller. A rudder is shaped as a foil, and when the rudder is turned with water flowing over it, the rudder acts much like the wing of an aircraft and provides lift (in this case axially). the lift is a force which acts through the rudder stock and "pintle" bearings which transfer that force to the aft end of the ship, moving it. As the vessel is moving forward and the hull is shaped to pass through the water in a hydrodynamic fashion, the ship will turn.
The force to turn the rudder is supplied via the steering gear. This is normally in the form of a hydraulic ram (or rams) coupled to a tiller keyed in on the top of the rudder.
The hydraulic rams get a signal from the ships wheelhouse (or bridge) normally via electric solenoids. The hydraulic fluid under pressure is then admitted to the relevant cylinder, driving the rudder over. A feedback is provided to the input. The input is normally a small wheel, joystick or autopilot. The days of a large wooden ships wheel are no more!
Cruise ships may have an "azipod". They would not be fitted with a rudder, but the propeller is fitted to a rotating "pod" fitted under the hull. As the pod rotates the thrust from the propeller moves the hull around.
The steering of a ship.
the captain
The Bridge is forward and aft steering is refered to as after steering station.
Helming Or piloting.
The helm is a ship's steering mechanism. So it can be anywhere depending on the type of ship. Usually it will be in the Bridge.
Believe it or not... drumroll, please... it's called the ship's wheel!
In very old sailing vessels, the ship didn't have a rudder built into the ship; instead, a long oar-shaped "Steering board" was mounted near the stern of the ship, and generally on the right side. This steering board could be damaged if it banged into the dock, and so generally the ship came to the pier with the left side of the ship. We now call the left side the "port" side of the ship, and the right side is the "steering board" or "starboard" side.
different kinds of steering gear
The Wheelhouse or the Pilot House. It can also be called the Bridge.
A steering wheel
it is simply known as the ships wheel
gand mara