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Darwin's theory starts with a volcanic island which becomes extinct.

As the island and ocean floor subside, coral growth builds a fringing reef, often including a shallow lagoon between the land and the main reef.

Ultimately the island sinks below the sea, and the barrier reef becomes an atoll enclosing an open lagoon.

A fringing reef can take ten thousand years to form, and an atoll can take up to 30 million years

I hope this helped !

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Q: What are the four stages of coral formation?
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