This is a much longer subject than we can address on WkliAnswers. There are BULLETS (the projectile portion of a cartridge) and there are CARTRIDGES (consisting of a cartridge case, primer, powder, AND bullet)
See if your library can get you a copy of Cartridges of the World. It is a good general introduction to the several thousands of different cartridges.
BULLETS can be categorized by shape and by composition. The first was the round lead ball used in muskets. Later this changed to a cylinder with a rounded nose, then a lead core surrounded by copper/nickel jacketing, then a pointed bullet (spitzer) and so on. There are "soft nosed" bullets with the lead core exposed at the tip, and bullets made of different materials- copper, bronze, plastic, etc.
.22 Long Rifle bullets...
22 bullets come in short, standard and long. Your rifle is telling you that you have to purchase .22 long shell bullets.
the Springfield rifles fired round bullets or bucks.
Bullet security cameras are not shaped like rifle bullets but are based upon the design of the bullets with similar aerodynamic design being used by both products.
What are you trying to ask?
lead, copper, steel
3
Anywhere from one to 100, depending on what exactly the rifle is.
WHICH rifle? There is more than one type made in this caliber.
None.
No.
Should be marked on the barrel or may have come with the directions or package what rifle do you have?