Those are the "polar" regions.
"High" latitudes. The equator has a latitude of zero. The area between the Tropic of Cancer (at 23.5 degrees north) and the Tropic of Capricorn (at 23.5 degrees south) are the "tropics" or low latitudes. The "polar regions" are above the Arctic Circle or below the Antarctic Circle, where the latitudes are higher than 66.5 degrees (north or south) are "high". The areas between the tropics and the arctic/antarctic are called "mid-latitudes or "temperate zones".
Mid-latitudes
The Arctic and the Antarctic
They are called the middle latitudes, and include mostly regions with temperate climates.
They are called the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle.
High latitudes
Arctic Circle, Tropic Of Cancer, Equator, Tropic Of Capricorn, Antarctic Circle (from top to bottom)
high latitudes
A polar circle is either the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle.
Parallel latitudes
The region between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole is called the Arctic region. The region between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole is called the Antarctic region.
Nothing (on Earth) is east of the equator. It's east of the prime meridian ... and it's called 66.5 degrees east longitude.