Reciprocating air compressors, are less popular in residential cooling systems because they are noisier than a Rotary unit plus the Rotary will cool better.....
A rotary compressor has screws or gears that compress a gas. A reciprocating compressor has a piston in a cylinder compressing the gas.
In very crude terms, rotary motion is round & round, reciprocating motion is back & forth. A piston engine has both kinds of motion. The crankshaft displays rotary motion, the pistons display reciprocating motion. The camshaft displays rotary motion, the valves display reciprocating motion. Out on the suspension, the wheels display rotary motion and the shock absorbers display reciprocating motion. (One might say the shocks don't display "true" reciprocating motion because they're not CONSTANTLY in motion, but that one drives on better roads than they have here!)
It is the reciprocating motion of the pistons that is changed into rotary motion by the cam axle.
The Cam
A reciprocating engine is different than when using rotors. Rotors are used in a pistonless rotary engine, using one or more rotors and sometimes called rotary pistons.
spiniards
Crank and slider
Rotary means going around, like in a Wankel. Reciprocating means going back and forth. like in a ordinary piston engine.
The crankshaft and connecting rod (or piston rod).
These four are rotary, oscillating, linear and reciprocating.
A reciprocating compressor is one in which a piston or diaphragm moves in a reciprocating motion. The compressor used in the AC system of a Saturn is NOT a reciprocating compressor. It is most likely a "rotary vane" compressor.