Some makers have the info on their web site.
Singer is one of the most well known sewing machine makers.
This question can't be answered as serial numbers are not unique to a single firearm. Many manufacturers could have made a firearm with that serial number. The only way to answer this is to have a knowledgeable person look at the shotgun - most makers identified their product somewhere.
Impossible to answer. Over the centuries many gun makers/sellers have come and gone and were not documented.
Compare the SN to lists published by the diffrent makers. There is no one "key" to decoding a serial number.
Retention of the firearm, and access to it.
Serial numbers have been required by law since 1968. Piror to that they were not, but, most makers used them. If you have the serial number, and know who made the firearm, chances are the sn's have been published.
the first firearm was made in the early 1300s either by the Arabian sages, European alchemists, or Chinese scholars. known as hand gonnes or handcannons. these were the most devastating weapon on the medievil-renaissance battlefield.
Some makers have sn tables on their web sites that will get you in the ball park of when a firearm was made or shipped.
Unknown. There are a dozen or so big makers and a lot of smaller ones that don't get reported becasue they don't have to.
Several car makers start with t: -Toyota -Tucker -Triumph -Trabant -Terraplane -Tatra - These are the most well-known car brands starting with the letter t, but there are a few more.
No.