Total(Indirect + Direct) = 2-17 micromol/L
Direct = 0 - 5 micromol/L
in an adult upto 1.0mg/dl.
in neonate upto 10mg/dl
o-50
What is the normal values of inorganic phosphorus in prepubertal children
Arterial values should be between 85 and 100 mmHg, Venous values should be between 30 and 40 mmHg.
According to the test results from the hospital normal values are between 3.1-6.8 pmol/L
The normal lab values for lipase are 10 - 140 U/L. This being said, there are many factors which need to be considered when interpreting lab results. Even a value within this range could represent a problem. Only qualified health care professionals should make treatment decisions.
Bilirubin is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). An example of normal values for adults is: Total bilirubin: 0.3 to 1.9 mg/dL. Direct bilirubin: 0.0 to 0.3 mg/dL.
The direct value of biodiversity means the direct economic value of the products and species that are sold. Indirect economic values include intrinsic, or emotional value of the species.
The direct value of biodiversity means the direct economic value of the products and species that are sold. Indirect economic values include intrinsic, or emotional value of the species.
DefinitionBilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid produced by the liver.This article discusses the laboratory test done to measure bilirubin in the blood. Total and direct bilirubin are usually measured to screen for or to monitor liver or gallbladder problems. Large amounts of bilirubin in the body can lead to jaundice.A test may also be done to measure bilirubin in a urine sample. For information on that test, see: Bilirubin - urine.Alternative NamesTotal bilirubin - blood; Unconjugated bilirubin - blood; Indirect bilirubin - blood; Conjugated bilirubin - blood; Direct bilirubin - bloodHow the test is performedA blood sample is needed. For information on how this is done, see: Venipuncture.The laboratory specialist spins the blood in a machine called a centrifuge, which separates the liquid part of the blood (serum) from the cells. The bilirubin test is done on the serum.How to prepare for the testYou should not eat or drink for at least 4 hours before the test. Your health care provider may instruct you to stop taking drugs that affect the test.Drugs that can increase bilirubin measurements include allopurinol, anabolic steroids, some antibiotics, antimalaria medications, azathioprine, chlorpropamide, cholinergics, codeine, diuretics, epinephrine, meperidine, methotrexate, methyldopa, MAO inhibitors, morphine, nicotinic acid, birth control pills, phenothiazines, quinidine, rifampin, steroids, sulfonamides, and theophylline.Drugs that can decrease bilirubin measurements include barbiturates, caffeine, penicillin, and high-dose salicylates such as aspirin.Why the test is performedThis test is useful in determining if a patient has liver disease or a blocked bile duct.Bilirubin metabolism begins with the breakdown of red blood cells in many parts of the body. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is broken down to heme and globin. Heme is converted to bilirubin, which is then carried by albumin in the blood to the liver.In the liver, most of the bilirubin is chemically attached to another molecule before it is released in the bile. This "conjugated" (attached) bilirubin is called direct bilirubin; unconjugated bilirubin is called indirect bilirubin. Total serum bilirubin equals direct bilirubin plus indirect bilirubin.Conjugated bilirubin is released into the bile by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, or transferred directly to the small intestines. Bilirubin is further broken down by bacteria in the intestines, and those breakdown products contribute to the color of the feces. A small percentage of these breakdown compounds are taken in again by the body, and eventually appear in the urine.Normal ValuesDirect bilirubin: 0 to 0.3 mg/dLTotal bilirubin: 0.3 to 1.9 mg/dLNote: mg/dL = milligrams per deciliterNormal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory.What abnormal results meanJaundice is a yellowing of the skin and the white part of the eye, which occurs when bilirubin builds up in the blood at a level greater than approximately 2.5 mg/dL. Jaundice occurs because red blood cells are being broken down too fast for the liver to process. This might happen due to liver disease or bile duct blockage.If the bile ducts are blocked, direct bilirubin will build up, escape from the liver, and end up in the blood. If the levels are high enough, some of it will appear in the urine. Only direct bilirubin appears in the urine. Increased direct bilirubin usually means that the biliary (liver secretion) ducts are obstructed.Increased indirect or total bilirubin may be a sign of:Crigler-Najjar syndromeErythroblastosis fetalisGilbert's diseaseHealing of a large hematoma (bruise or bleeding under the skin)Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic disease of the newbornHepatitisPhysiological jaundice (normal in newborns)Sickle cell anemiaTransfusion reactionPernicious anemiaIncreased direct bilirubin may indicate:Bile duct obstructionCirrhosisDubin-Johnson syndrome (very rare)HepatitisIntrahepatic cholestasis (buildup of bile in the liver) due to any causeAdditional conditions under which the test may be performed:Biliary strictureCholangiocarcinomaCholangitisCholedocholithiasisHemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiencyHepatic encephalopathyIdiopathic aplastic anemiaIdiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemiaImmune hemolytic anemia (including drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia)Secondary aplastic anemiaThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraWilson's diseaseSpecial considerationsFactors that interfere with bilirubin testing are:Hemolysis (breakdown) of blood will falsely increase bilirubin levelsLipids in the blood will falsely decrease bilirubin levelsBilirubin is light-sensitive; it breaks down in lightReferencesBerk PD, Korenblat KM. Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver test results. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 150.
*direct proportion - As one values increases, so does the other. *indirect proportion - As one values increases, the other decreases. *partitive proportion - involves identifying parts of a whole based on a given ratio of these parts.
Direct appeal involves directly asking or persuading someone to take a specific action, such as making a purchase or donating money. Indirect appeal involves subtly influencing someone's emotions, values, or beliefs in order to encourage them to take the desired action without explicitly asking for it.
normal values of blood coagulation is 4 to 7 min
Yes. It can give insight as to whether there is a relationship between two variables, and if so, whether the relationship is direct or indirect; whether it is linear, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic; whether or not there are asysmptotic values; whether or not there is clustering; etc.
Values outside of the normal range always indicates the presence of disease?
For adult males the normal hemoglobin values are from 14-18 grams/deciliter. For adult females the normal hemoglobin values are from 12-16 grams/deciliter. I don't know how these values could be expressed as percents.
what is normal heart beat rate of infant
1