There is actually no such thing as a "dominant scale", however you can use the notes of a dominant 7th chord as a scale and that can begin on any note, the dominant 7th chord in C major is G7 and G7 uses all white keys (G, B, D and F), the structure of a dominant 7th chord is the major triad plus the flatted 7th.
no
They don't all have black notes. The scale of C Major contains the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, none of which is black.
A run of notes, most scales have eight notes.
Pentatonic scales contain 5 notes, the same way a pentagon has 5 sides.
Diatonic scales contain 7 different notes, usually topped by the tonic note doubled at the octave.
no
If you mean music scales, you need to be more specific, there are all sorts of scales - A m(inor), E flat (major),D (major)...
They don't all have black notes. The scale of C Major contains the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, none of which is black.
Dominant and sub-dominant refers to notes of a scale. The dominant is the fifth note (represented with a roman numeral, V) of a scale while the sub-dominant is the fourth (IV) note of that scale. For example, in scale of C major, the dominant is G and the sub-dominant is F.The terms dominant ans sub-dominant can also refer to chords, scales or keys. A dominant chord is one that is built on a dominant note. Musically, the dominant chord is considered to be unstable and must be resolved. Therefore, a dominant chord can be used to build tension in a chord progression.Dominant keys refer to the relationship between notes. For instance, key of G is the dominant key relative to C. Music that changes key often shifts between a tonic and its dominant.
For specific notes, ask about a specific scale.
A run of notes, most scales have eight notes.
The notes for scales on the piano are the exact same notes for corresponding scales on the saxophone. However, as the alto saxophone is in Eb and the tenor saxophone is in Bb, you will have to account for these differences by raising the piano notes by a minor third or lowering the piano notes by a whole step, respectively.
I don't know about "languages", but there are "modes" in terms of scales used in different musical styles. It may be relevant to your answer.Dorian mode - scales played along major chords (pentatonic) with maybe 2 additional notes per octave added.Aeolian mode - scales played along minor chords.Locrian mode - scales played along major 7th chords.Mixolodian mode - scales played along dominant chords, more suited for a blues style that may use all other modes.
It depends on the scale in question: * The diatonic scale (seven notes) * The melodic and harmonic minor scales (seven notes) * The chromatic scale (twelve notes) * The whole tone scale (six notes) * The pentatonic scale (five notes) * The octatonic or diminished scales (eight notes) Then of course there are the Indian Swara scales which have varying numbers of notes too.
The sharps and flats (black notes)
I think the general consensus is that our concepts of scales and notes originated in ancient Greece.
C major, F major and G major (all white notes).