Within each shadow . . .
The UMBRA is the region from which none of the sun is visible.
The PENUMBRA is the region from which part of the sun, but not all, is visible.
Solar Eclipse
When the Earth's shadow hits the Moon that is an eclipse of the Moon. When the Moons shadow hits the earth that is an eclipse of the Sun.
eclipse
It is called a solar eclipse when the Moon's shadow hits Earth, and a lunar eclipse when Earth's shadow hits the Moon.
Since the Moon is quite a bit smaller than Earth, the Moon's shadow can only cover part of Earth's surface. In that case, the people in that shadow will see a solar eclipse.
An eclipse of the Sun.
Earth's shadow is bigger comoared to the moons
The word "eclipse" means "in the shadows". In an eclipse of the sun, sun, moon and earth are all lined up, so that the moon's shadow falls on the Earth. In an eclipse of the moon, it is the shadow of the Earth that falls on the Moon.
Yes. The Earth's shadow "eclipses" the Moon. You can still see the Moon in the shadow, but it's redder and darker. Incidentally, only Full Moons can be eclipsed.
There are two parts to the Earth's shadow. The dark narrower part is the Umbra (from Latin for shadow). The lighter part is called the Penumbra (from Latin, pane umbra - almost a shadow)
the tides and gravity
Probably, I mean what else could there be (or the Earth makes a shadow covering the half that doesn't face the sun)