Your mom!!:P
The different parts of the moon appear lighted because of sunlight reflecting off its surface. As the moon orbits Earth, the angle of sunlight hitting its surface changes, causing different parts to be lit or in shadow. This results in the different phases of the moon as seen from Earth.
When Galileo looked through his telescope at the moon, he saw dark, flat parts of the moon's surface which he called maria.
As the Moon moves from a crescent phase to a full moon, the shadows on its surface will decrease in length. This is because the angle of the Sun's light hitting the Moon changes, with the light becoming more direct as the Moon approaches the full moon phase. Thus, there will be less shadow cast on the lunar surface during a full moon compared to a crescent moon.
The outer surface of the moon is called the crust.
As the moon travels around the Earth, different parts of it are lighted by the sun. We see various parts of the face that are being lit by the sun. Since the sun and shadow move around the moon, we see different parts of the moon face, or phases of the moon.
Yes, although primitive, it was strong enough to see some parts of the surface of the moon.
The moon's surface is regolith (ground up rock).
The moon has a solid (terrestrial) surface.
Moon has a post office. The moon does not. Moon has air. The moon does not. Moon has people, bugs and plants. The moon does not. Also, their geology is completely different. Otherwise, they are somewhat the same.
Yes, there is virtually no liquid on the surface of the moon.
There's plenty of gravity on the moon. On the moon's surface, it's a full 161/2% of what it is on the Earth's surface.
Asteroids and gravity create the surface features on the moon.