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Limestone, diatomaceous earth, and gypsumare the principal materials used to make cement. Limestone for the CaO, diatomaceous earth as a source of finely-divided (i.e. chemically active) silica, and gypsum as a source of calcium sulphate. After firing, these materials are quite chemically active; in the presence of water; and make several complex chemicals in the setting process.

The crystals resulting from the setting are what give the resultant concrete its strength, and since these crystals take some time to form, concrete only approaches its final strength after several weeks. It is a stronger material if kept moist during this period. Excessive water however, weakens the concrete by forming voids as it evaporates. The strongest concrete mixes, such as needed for making concrete pipes, resemble merely damp gravel mix.

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Dahlia Miller

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2y ago

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