Greek colonies were found by vanquished people who left their homes to escape subjection at the hand of enemies. To get rid of population they would avoid internal convulsions and trade with foreign countries.
Typically, the colony should have a strategic position that gives the dominant country some military advantage or it must have vast natural resources which will serve as a financial boost once extracted and sold. Most French, British and Spanish colonies had mineral and plant resources.
Greek soldiers had to be strictly Greek citizens and had to be of Greek religion.
Marseille (Marseilles in the usual English spelling) was founded by Greek colonists in 600 BC. The Romans took over from the Greeks in 49 BC.
In antiquity Monaco was the Greek colony (settlement) of Monikois. The Romans did not take it over. They founded the Roman colony of Narbo (Narbonne) much further west. Their presence in southern France increased and it eventually became the Roman Province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Romans did not interfere with the Greek colonies in southern France and left them autonomous. They were under the influence of Massalia (Marseilles) which was the biggest and most powerful Greek colony in southern France and which had been Rome's ally for a long time before Roman province was created.
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Taking over the Persian Empire and beginning the spread of Greek culture in the Middle East.
"Colonize" means to establish control over an area or people and send settlers to establish a new colony, often for economic or political purposes. This can involve taking over lands, resources, and governing structures of the colonized region.
After taking over western Europe, the Romans turned east and progressively incorporated the Greek world into their empire.
This is a fatuous statement. Alexander was Macedonian which had taken over the Greek world and extended it by taking over the Persian Empire. There is no such thing as destiny. Events are as people make them, not foreordained.
The Phillipines were a Spanish colony and the US at war with Spain, so the US took them over, eventually giving them their independence. Independence was delayed by two world wars.
A city-state was a self-governing country. City-states often solved their over-population by sending out the surplus to form a colony, which itself became a self-governing city-state. The Greek world was comprised of over 2,000 independent city-states spread around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Making himself great by taking over the the Persian Empire. He also had plans to then turn west, and take on Carthage and the Greek kingdoms in Sicily. He also had a hobby to sow Greek culture through his new empire, establishing over 70 Greek cities, half of which he modestly named Alexandria after himself.