What are the roman constitutions three elements?

Answer 1

The three components of the early Roman Republic were:

The Senate: This body of 300 - 600 Roman citizens.

The Consuls: This group of two were the executive branch of the government. They held one year terms and were elected by the comita centuriata. This was an office of great power as the Consuls controlled the military.

Comita Centuriata: This was an assembly of all male citizens & had to ratify all measures that were submitted by the Senate to be laws.

However, bear in mind that these "three components" are merely our present day speculation. The government in ancient Rome consisted of two components, the senate and the Roman people-- SPQR. Their government was not like the republics of today and not like ours. Their political offices sometimes overlapped. Their voting system was vastly different. Although the legal concepts of government may have been the same, it is erroneous to think that the government itself, that is, the carrying out of those legal concepts is the same.

Answer 2

The Romans did not have a constitution. Moreover they had three types of political systems in the 1200 years of their history: a monarchy for 244 years, a republic for 482 years and rule by emperors for 506 years. For most of the monarchy the king was the ruler and the senate was his advisory body. The 6th king of Rome introduced two popular assemblies: the Assembly of the Soldiers and the Assembly of the Tribes (administrative units of Rome and her territories outside the city). The citizens assembled to vote, but we don't know on what.

The early republic retained these popular assemblies and the senate. The king was replaced by two annually elected consuls. As the republic developed, other executive officers of state were created: the praetors, the censors, the quaestors and the curule aediles. Rome did not have a executive body like an administration or a cabinet. The officers of state acted independent within the remit of their office. The senate became the advisory body of the consuls. It was not a legislative; bills weren not proposed to it and it did not vote on bills. During a rebellion by the plebeians, the plebeians created the Plebeian Council which was reserved to them (the patricians, that is, the aristocracy) was excluded) and the plebeian tribunes. The former was an assembly where the plebeians deliberated on issues of their concerns and the latter were their representatives. The popular assemblies were the voting bodies. The consuls presented the bills to the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers or the Assembly of the Tribes. The plebeian tribunes presented bills to the vote of the Plebeian Council. In the Late Republic the plebeian tribunes became the main proposers of bills and the Plebeian Council the main voting body. The Republic did not have three elements. Rather, it had a split between the older institutions, the consuls, the senate and the assemblies of the soldiers the tribes on one hand and the plebeians tribunes and council on the other.

During the period of rule by emperors, the emperors were absolute rulers. The senate lost most of its powers. The Assembly of the Soldiers decayed and the Assembly of the Tribes lost their powers and became merely ceremonial. The Plebeian Council and the plebeian tribunes were abolished.