Ancient Rome

There were very few small hand held, portable "bottles" at the time as they were determined not to be cost effective given the very little volume they would hold. Instead, an "Amphora" (Plural: amphorae) was used to transport fluids. An amphora was similar to the size of a modern day flower vase with handles on either side. Drinkable fluid from an amphora would be poured into a small "Kylix" which is the most direct equivalent to a small drinking cup.

In times of crisis, it was thought that one person could unite and coordinate the (usually) military steps that had to be taken to solve the problem. By giving one person supreme authority, there would be no one to veto his proposals and no pesky politicians to limit the army's actions. In addition, a dictator was immune from prosecution for any of his actions as dictator - which meant he could take extreme measures without fearing legal consequences.

Unfortunately, the 'Ancient Rome 3D' layer isno longer available as a Layer in Google Earth. The following was the original answer when it was available in 2008. For more details see the related links section below the answer including an article with screenshots of what it looked like and a YouTube video tour. Original answer: Check 'Ancient Rome 3D' layer under Gallery found in layers panel. Suggest to turn off '3D Buildings' layer otherwise modern buildings will be mixed in with the ancient ones. Double click on this Rome Layer to fly to Rome and start the tour. Next click on any of the Yellow Rome building icons to bring up the balloon pop-up. From the pop-up window, click on the link 'Ancient Terrain (**Load First)' Finally click on link 'Ancient Roman Buildings (5000+ buildings)' Now you can "virtually" walk through Rome as it looked in 320 A.D to tour famous buildings in 3D such as the Roman Forum, Colosseum and Forum of Julius Caesar.

Out in the open usually on grass-the palaestra was an exercise field. The word palaestra itself means gymnasium or more specifically a wrestling school. The Romans more than likely had a section for wrestling pits in the palaestra in addition to areas for racing and ball playing.

The Pax Romana was not responsible for the decline of Rome. In fact the wisdom of Augustus and the strength of it created an ongoing momentum that even the worst Emperors could not destroy. Augustus ushered in almost 2 centuries of cultural achievements, prosperity and relative peace. So yes the Pax Romana refers to the period from 27 BC to 180 BC where there was internal stability and peace withing the empire. The policies of Augustus regarding how the empire would operate began when he took power and decided to downsize the military and use influence and negotiation to settle dispute rather than raise an army to settle matters. Under the Pax Romana, there was further expansion of the empire by conquest however. The Pax Romana was not a factor in the decline of Rome. In fact a sound argument that the Pax Romana prolonged the Roman Empire can be made. Most historians mark the crisis of the 3rd century as the beginning of the decline, and it was a very slow decline of Rome's power.

In general Caesar's troops respected and were loyal followers. This is because Caesar would many times personally lead them in battle, especially if the lines were faltering. His personal courage inspired them. He would also walk along with his troops rather than ride his horse or sit in a carriage. Caesar was also unique, in that he always had centurions present at his planning meetings. As the centurions were the actual battle leaders, he liked to get their opinions on his plans. Generally speaking a general leading Roman legions to successful war campaigns were popular with the army and the citizens of Rome. Caesar was assigned to go to Spain. He led brilliantly fought battles against Spanish tribes who fought hard to keep their independence from Rome. Caesar brought back to Rome enough spoils of war to enrich the Treasury of Rome and as could be expected in those days, his legions shared in the booty from the military campaigns. The Senate was so pleased that they voted him a triumph. The Roman armies were aware of the administrative accomplishments of Caesar in Rome. His proposal as example to distribute land to 20,000 poor Roman citizens was to the legions a sign of good policy. What ever the strength of the legions, knowing that their general was a generous leader helped them to see Caesar in a good light. In 56 BC Cicero convinced the Senate to reward Caesar's armies in Gaul a substantial amount of wealth. Once again, if the legions were enriched because they were loyal troops to Caesar, this Senate award only increased the army's loyalty to Caesar. Caesar's successful campaigns in Gaul drew vast resources to Rome and more spoils of war to Caesar's legions. However this is not to say that he had no trouble. He had a couple of mutinies to put down, but overall, the army viewed him as a leader who would bring them victory and the spoils that went along with the victories.

The outlying areas that Rome controlled were called provinces.

The average male of ancient Rome would be considered short by our standards. They were only about five feet eight. Now this is average, there were some taller and some shorter. The emperor Augustus was a very short person and would have several extra soles attached to his shoes to make himself appear taller.

The ancient Romans had practically the same services that we have today. If a house needed its roof repaired, the owner called in a roofer, same for water problems, they had laundry services, artists who did frescoes and murals, people who installed fountains, they could rent a litter or a carrying chair, they could hire musicians, they could use a brothel. In other words, if a job was beyond the capabilities of any of their slaves, they could hire it out.

According to Bible prophecy... we are living in the "end time" of man's rule on earth. In that regard, we are still in "Bible times." And the purpose of a "watchman" is still the same. A watchman is a guard... a "SENTRY." He's on patrol watching for danger... for the approach of enemies [from without or from within]. And if he stays awake on sentry duty and spots danger or the enemy approaching... his job is to "sound the alarm"... warn and alert his people to it, so that they might prepare for it and repel it. "Son of man, I have made thee a watchman unto the House of Israel: therefore hear the Word at My mouth, and GIVE THEM WARNING FROM ME." (Ezek.3:17) "...set him for their watchman: if when he seeth the sword [war] come upon the land, he blow the trumpet, and WARN THE PEOPLE..." (Ezek.33:2-3). There were also consequences if the watchman failed to warn the people as mentioned in Ezekiel 3:18-19 NLT "When I say to a wicked person, 'You will surely die,' and you do not warn them or speak out to dissuade them from their evil ways in order to save their life, that wicked person will die for[their sin, and I will hold you accountable for their blood. But if you do warn the wicked person and they do not turn from their wickedness or from their evil ways, they will die for their sin; but you will have saved yourself." That is why it is EVERY Christians responsibility to tell others of GOD's impending judgement.

Roman Law above all else they have contributed has been the greatest contribution from the Romans. The Romans built roads, bridges and aqueducts that stand even today, 2000 years later. They also like the Greeks gave importance to education and human civil rights. As we know they were the world's first superpower, even though Greece built the foundations for Philosophy, Rome developed that into the Philosophy that we have today. Such as the Roman Catholic Church, or the USA's government structure was based off the Roman Republic.

The Pax Romana was important because it was a time of relative peace and prosperity. Under these conditions, Roman civilization, in all its aspects, was able to flourish all over the empire, setting the foundations for western culture.

Rome had a profound impact upon the Western Hemisphere - at its height, the Roman Empire controlled half of Europe, including modern day Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, and even southern Britain to name but a few. Roman culture, particularly language, influenced much of European culture. Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian, and Catalan are all Romance Languages directly descended from Latin. The English language was also heavily influenced by Latin as well - English could be described as a blending of German, French, Latin (directly from the Roman occupation of southern Britain), and Celtic.

Shrines are people who get together and worship one certain god. (The ancient Romans used shrines often).

Roman shops would sell everything and anything. While they had special places (fora) set aside for things such as meat, fish and vegetables, there was no law that said these things could not be sold elsewhere. All a merchant had to do was register with the local aedile. Some other things that were sold were spices, herbs, medicines, fabrics, jewelry, pottery and sculptures, leather goods, books, wines, fast food, and various services.

Legally, Roman boys could marry at the age of 14, however most boys did not because they were not even official citizens at that age. Occasionally a young man would marry at sixteen or a little later, but most "boys" were grown men before they married, unless they had political ambitions. The reason for this is that the men were expected to perform some sort of military service and the common soldier could not marry. It was not unusual for a man to marry for the first time when he was in his late thirties or even forties. If a man had political ambitions, he would marry much younger and always into a family that could hep him in his career.

They were the same as our months, except they used Latin. January=Ianuarius, February=Februarius, March=Martius, April=Aprilis, May=Maius, June=Iunius, July=Iulius, August=Augustus, September=same as ours, October=same as ours, November=same as ours, December=same as ours. Answer: Initially the Romans had only ten named months: Martius "March", Aprilis "April", Maius "May", Junius "June", Quintilis "July", Sextilis "August", September "September", October "October", November "November", December "December", and probably two unnamed months in the dead of winter (apparently no one cared as no agricultural events were happening!). The first month of the year was Martius "March". This gave the "number" months Quintilius (5) to December (10) the same number as their position in the year. Around 700 BCE the two months Januarius "January" and Februarius "February" were added and the beginning of the year was moved from Marius to Januarius. Also at this time the number of days in several months were made odd, to give them a lucky number. Just to confuse the issue, after Februarius there was occasional additional month of Intercalaris "intercalendar". to balance out the irregularities of leap years. This change bumped the "number" months to be in the wrong positions (December (10) was now in the 12th spot) The names of Julius and Augustus Caesar were used to replace the names of Quintilus (giving us July) and Sextilis (giving us August)

Mighty Romans.

Publius Ovidius Naso known as the Roman poet, Ovid, was born in the Roman Republic in 43 BCE. Around 8 CE, he was banished by the emperor to Tomis in the Greek Colony, now Constanta in Romania, on the Black Sea, where he remained until his death in 18 CE.

They sometimes put water in their wine Answer: As odd as it seems to us today the Romans often added toxic acetate lead to their wine and other foods. The lead was originally added by the use of lead vessels for crushing or processing the grapes (the acids in grape juice would dissolve the lead). This dissolved lead acetate made the wine sweeter. Later they came to add "sugar of lead" (now known as lead acetate) for this same purpose. Burnt bread, or what we ,today call burnt toast, was also used to flavor the wine, in additions to herbs and spices.

Slavery lasted longer than the Roman empire. It began thousands of years before the Romans existed and continued until at least 1887.

Tiberius, Augustus' step-son Caligula, the son of Germanicus Caesar who should have succeded Tiberius but was killed by him Cladius, the brother to Germanicus and uncle to Caligula Nero, the grandson of Germanicus Caesar, the son of one of his daughters. This ends the Julio-Claudian Line.

Ovid is an Italian Poet. 250 Can be translated into roman numerals.

DLIX

Before the introduction of a professional army, the Roman infantry was a militia of peasant-proprietors and not of the wealthiest landowners, who joined the cavalry. This is said to have been the result of a military reform by the sixth king, Servius Tullius (r. 578-535 BC) which is thought to have been linked to the introduction of the new Greek hoplite phalanx (wing) formation. Hoplites were soldiers with heavy armour which fought in tight formations. They were supported by light infantry men (velites). The former were called the classis and the latter the infra classem (class below) and were defined by the value of their property, with the richer ones being the hoplites as they could afford the heavier armour - soldiers had to provide their equipment. The reform also had political aspects. The propertiless (proletarii) very probably exempt from the levy right from the beginning of Servius Tullius' reform and this might have been part of his pledge to lighten the burden of war on the poor which he identified as a prime cause of indebtedness among poor Romans. The soldiers were rewarded for taking on the burden of their duty as citizens to defend Rome (which included, besides expenses, time spent campaigning and risk to life and limbs) by giving the more political weight through the creation of the assembly of the soldiers (comitia centuriata) which had the right to vote on important state matters. This , at this time, made the constitution more populistic, gave the intermediate classes a stronger political say, and created a counterbalance on the senate which was dominated by the wealthiest men.