Customarily, the home owner would give the traveler food and refuge, and the traveler would give the home owner a gift or a service
If I remember right, Odysseus insists that the men go in there so that the Cyclops would give them 'guest-gifts' .
The cyclops violates xenia by not offering hospitality to Odysseus and his men when they arrive on his island. Instead of welcoming them with food and shelter, the cyclops imprisons them in his cave and eats some of Odysseus's men. This goes against the customs of hospitality and guest-friendship.
Odysseus and his men expect to be treated as a guest by the cyclops, although they originally thought the island the Cyclops lived on was inhabited by humans, until they found out differently.
Odysseus expects the cyclops Polyphemus to honor the Greek custom of hospitality towards guests, but Polyphemus violates this by eating some of Odysseus' men. Odysseus also expects Polyphemus to follow the custom of giving a guest his name when asked, but Polyphemus deceives Odysseus by calling himself "Nobody."
Polyphemus, the Cyclops, promises to give Odysseus a special gift of a giant piece of cheese and a promise to eat him last, intending to honor him as a guest. However, this promise quickly turns sinister when Odysseus blinds Polyphemus, leading to a chaotic escape from the cave. The gift ultimately signifies the perverse hospitality of the Cyclops, contrasting with the Greek tradition of xenia, or guest-friendship.
Odysseus expecting great respect as a guest in a foreign landorOdysseus bringing a gift of wine to the inhabitants of the land of the Cyclops
Odysseus tells the cyclops that his name is “Nobody”
In the reading, the cyclops can be seen as an antagonist through his brutal actions, particularly when he captures and imprisons Odysseus and his men in his cave. His lack of hospitality, disregard for guest norms, and violent behavior towards the crew highlight his antagonistic nature in the story. Additionally, the cyclops' refusal to adhere to societal norms and his act of eating some of Odysseus' men further emphasize his role as an antagonist in the narrative.
Odysseus is treated as a guest by the Phaeacians because he didn't want them to find out his true identity or else they would have killed him.
In "The Odyssey," the Cyclops, specifically Polyphemus, embodies the ancient Greek quality of being both fearsome and uncivilized. He is a giant with immense strength, representing the chaotic and unpredictable forces of nature. Additionally, his lack of hospitality and disregard for the customs of xenia (guest-friendship) highlight the dangers of barbarism in contrast to the values of Greek civilization. This duality makes him a formidable adversary for Odysseus, showcasing the themes of cunning versus brute strength.
It was the home of the Phaeacians, who treated Odysseus as a welcome guest.
It was the home of the Phaeacians, who treated Odysseus as a welcome guest.